Abstract Editor's note: With the booming Internet industry, more and more traditional industries are being changed by Internet technology. At present, "software-defined world, data-driven world, and automation take over the world" has become an industry consensus, especially with...
Editor's note: With the booming Internet industry, more and more traditional industries are being changed by Internet technology. At present, "software-defined world, data-driven world, and automation take over the world" has become an industry consensus, especially with the application of big data, cloud computing, and Internet of Things technologies. The "Internet +" era has already come to the fore. Embracing the Internet means embracing hope. Embrace the future. From the early "mouse plus cement" to the current "Internet +", the industrial field has never been far from every stage of the information technology revolution. Despite this, the industrial sector is still anxious about the digital transformation under the wave of information, and is still overwhelmed by many new concepts such as Big Data, Industry 4.0, Industrial Internet and Smart Manufacturing. Not long ago, Yang Xueshan, director of the Expert Committee of the China Industrial Big Data Innovation and Development Alliance and former deputy director of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, pointed out that the main body of industrial big data is industry, not big data, and big data should serve the industry.
Recently, under the guidance of the Software and Service Department of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology and the Qingdao Municipal Government, the 2015 “Internet +†boosting industry transformation and upgrading summit was held in Qingdao. The forum revolves around "Internet +", and discusses how modern enterprises adapt to industrial development and change, and how to use new generation information technology to expand development space. The mutual inspiration and exchange of these experiences has important and far-reaching significance for enterprises to define future development goals, find ways to promote the implementation of industrial transformation and upgrading, and achieve the strategy of manufacturing a strong country.
From the early "mouse plus cement" to the current "Internet +", the industrial sector has never been far from every stage of the information technology revolution. Despite this, the industrial sector is still anxious about the digital transformation under the wave of information.
In this regard, Yang Xueshan, the director of the Expert Committee of the China Industrial Big Data Innovation and Development Alliance and the former deputy minister of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, explained that “the flower is getting into the glamorous eyes†and is facing “industrial big dataâ€, “industrial 4.0†and “industrial internetâ€. And many new concepts such as "smart manufacturing" and "network manufacturing" are overwhelmed.
"The main body of industrial big data is industry, not big data. Big data needs to serve the industry." Standing on a more macro perspective, Yang Xueshan pointed out that with the development of technology to today, advanced technological forces are enough to promote the transformation of industrial development. The industrial revolution, which has lasted for more than 300 years, is about to change its course, and it is an immutable process to move on a new track.
At this moment, what the industry has to do is not to break the boat and take a breath, but to "go from yesterday's foundation to tomorrow, the more stable the fork is, the better."
A big data gene What is industrial big data, Wikipedia gives the answer, "a large, complex structure, difficult to process data sets through existing IT technology and tools." This vague concept also leads to a hundred people seem to have one hundred answers.
In the view of the president of Dawning Information Industry Co., Ltd., big data may be an old account of a company. The army shared a case that made him feel deeply.
A high-end American motorcycle manufacturer has limited sales because its products are luxury goods. However, after analyzing the sales data of the company's deposits and the customer information for decades, they have an important discovery: "The customers of high-end motorcycles, the impulse to buy a motorcycle is about 24 hours."
So the company revolved around this discovery and made a major transformation to the production model. They want to make consumers change their impulses into buying reality within 24 hours, without losing any potential customers.
The enterprise first allows customers to customize a motorcycle online, and click on the mouse to set their preferences, including color, engine model, and so on. Then, within 6 hours of completing the payment, the motorcycle is produced through a flexible manufacturing plant, and then distributed through the intelligent logistics system for 12 hours. Finally, the car will be delivered to the user's door within 24 hours. And it is global.
"This seems to be the new high-end manufacturing and advanced manufacturing in the new industry 4.0 in the future," the army said. The value of industrial big data is emerging, and more and more companies are smelling huge business opportunities. It is understood that Dawning is currently studying the feasibility of giving EB-level storage to customers, but only if the above data can be used.
As one of the few companies in China that has a large amount of Internet data, Baidu has also been trying to cooperate with industry and energy companies through the use of big data analysis services.
Shen Zhiyong, a scientist at the Baidu Research Institute's Big Data Laboratory, said that the fans are usually installed far away. If the fan is broken, the maintenance personnel will have to use a day to rush. If the equipment is broken and repaired, some physical factors may be difficult to recover, so early warning of the failure is very important.
Then can the maintenance staff predict the occurrence of the failure and rush over one day in advance? Shen Zhiyong pointed out that in fact, a model can be made based on previous historical conditions to judge the time when the fan fails. If this failure occurs more frequently in history, the more accurate the model prediction will be.
This is just an attempt by big data in the industrial field. In addition, similar examples of device anomaly detection can also be captured by changes in big data, and it will be easier and more positive in early warning failures. He said that if used properly, it would be technically possible to warn and avoid similar "stepping on the Shanghai Bund at the beginning of this year".
B. The integration of big data “Industrial big data is the existence and development of the industrial revolution since the development of the industrial revolution.†Yang Xueshan said, “It’s just that we have Internet and sensors today, which makes it affect the development of the whole industry and enterprises. Yang Xueshan believes that it is wrong to use industrial big data as a magical medicine that can make enterprises and industries reborn. This is like painting a cake to fill the hunger. "I can honestly say that one hundred such cakes can be eaten, and one cake can fall. It’s not bad.â€
In Yang Xueshan's view, different industries and fields, under the constraints of further increase in overall technology costs and various social reasons, push the manufacturing industry around the most critical issues such as core competitiveness, cutting-edge labor productivity, quality, and brand. Stepping towards intelligence is big data.
Yang Xueshan said: "How to turn industrial big data into the innovation ability of enterprises is the most important link, and it is also the most difficult part of all enterprises to use data today, but when you turn this data into innovative ability, I believe Whether in industrial big data, industrial 4.0, or smart manufacturing, companies have already reached a very high level."
China is a big manufacturing country, but in general, after years of development, the level of informationization and modernization is still not high, regional development is uneven, and it is still in the middle and low end of the global industrial chain. China's manufacturing industry is in urgent need of getting rid of the low-end ambiguity and developing toward high-end intelligence with core technology driven by innovation and quality. Then, the use of industrial big data to promote the deep integration of traditional industries and information technology is the most urgent task for Chinese industry.
Xu Xiaolan, secretary-general of the China Electronics Society and chairman and secretary general of China's chief information officer alliance, pointed out that for the Internet and traditional industries, each country is trying to achieve deep integration. Nowadays, manufacturing has become the commanding height of global competition. The United States has proposed the concept of industrial Internet. Germany has proposed Industry 4.0, and the corresponding enterprises are also setting the commanding heights of manufacturing.
Chinese manufacturing must develop to China's intellectual development and become the fundamental requirement for adapting and leading the new normal of the economy. The difficulty of "manufacturing" and "intellectual creation" is the same. Fortunately, the strategic design of "Made in China 2025" and "Internet +" has pointed out the direction for the development of the manufacturing industry.
Xu Xiaolan said that from the manufacturing power to the manufacturing power, we must rely on innovation, green manufacturing, strong foundation engineering, and intelligent transformation to drive. Big data drives industry 4.0 with Chinese characteristics, and the advent of the intelligent industry era has also boosted the application of industrial big data and has become the key to improving manufacturing.
The main characteristics of smart manufacturing in the future are intelligent interconnection, human-machine interconnection, and machine interconnection. At present, human society has entered the BT era from the IT era. In the future, it will enter the RT era. It is the era of robots. The interconnection between people and machines, machines and machines must have a context. This is to establish big data or interconnection. Standards and specifications.
She pointed out that the arrival of the era of intelligent manufacturing also means the arrival of the industrial big data era. The application of industrial big data will become a key factor for improving the productivity, competitiveness and innovation capability of the manufacturing industry in the future. It is also the current global industrial transformation must face. Major issues.
Xu Xiaolan said: "To build industry 4.0 with Chinese characteristics, we must solve the excessive dependence of enterprises on intensive labor and reduce the full cost from production to sales terminals. We need to use new technologies such as big data to promote enterprise transformation, improve production, and visualize the entire process. And transparency, to achieve production and manufacturing quality management of the whole process, to help enterprises better meet the needs of consumers, that is to say, personalized and customized products will become the mainstream of future manufacturing, in a new round of global industry competition. An important factor in taking the lead."
C big data standard
From the original ordinary machine tools to the current CNC machine tools, the products are upgraded and intelligent. In the production process, design, service, management, etc. are all intelligent. The production process includes data on processing data, component configuration relationships, change records, test data, production equipment, and quality control. So big data is involved in every production loop, and big data provides the support behind it to make it smart.
Gao Lin, deputy dean of the China Electronics Technology Standardization Institute, believes that the emergence of big data should mean that informationization has entered a new stage. Product intelligence includes data on product design, modeling, and product structure. These are the data in the running process. Some new models have personalized, demanding and marketing data. Management intelligence includes business management, e-commerce, and market data. There are also related data such as services, logos, and product operations. Big data is used in these processes.
Industrial big data is an important driving force for the new round of industrial revolution, whether it is German Industry 4.0, the US Industrial Internet, and the smart manufacturing overall plan that China's Ministry of Industry and Information Technology is now taking. Basically, they all revolve around smart manufacturing.
Gao Lin pointed out that from limited numbers to limited data, from limited data to effective data evolution, from effective data to big data, and finally to the development of big data. Industrial big data is to serve manufacturing. We can't talk about industrial big data from this background, otherwise we will lose our way.
Big data is the integration of a lot of cumbersome and complicated data. How to promote its service to industry is an insurmountable threshold.
There is a standard connection between industrial products, so industrial big data also has a need for standard setting. Gao Lin pointed out that from an industrial perspective, the development of big data in the field of intelligent manufacturing needs to promote cooperation through standards. By formulating the construction of big data standards for the field of intelligent manufacturing, we will promote cooperation between domestic enterprises and work together, especially in the upstream and downstream of the industrial chain and standardization.
In terms of resources, the construction of data resources requires technically standardized data formats, semantics, interoperability and other related technologies; from the management aspect, it is necessary to standardize data sharing, acquisition, and management related processes, all of which require standardized support.
In terms of technology, technological innovation also requires data acquisition processes, processing processes, maintenance processes, life cycles, etc., all of which need to be supported by relevant standards. At the same time, many data collections also have security requirements, so to resolve the contradiction between data openness and data security protection in the era of industrial big data, standards are also needed to regulate.
At this stage, China's industrial big data terminology and reference architecture are mainly to solve the uneven understanding and understanding of industrial big data in various manufacturing fields, and to form a common language and reference structure. Metadata and identification are mainly to solve the problem of data incompatibility in all links.
In the next step, relevant national departments need to pay attention to the standardization of industrial big data, based on the essence of industrial big data, focusing on technology, data, security, and processes. From terminology, reference architecture to data quality, to the process of retrieval and analysis. Security aspects of privacy protection, information security, process-oriented acquisition, storage, processing, maintenance, life cycle, etc., such standards need to be considered.
D big data transformation
"At the moment, 'Internet +' is hot, Internet + manufacturing, Internet + smart medical, Internet + agriculture, etc., and these are inseparable from one resource, that is, data." Industry and Information Technology Department Informationization Promotion Division Industrial Informationization Wang Jianwei, director of the department, said that the understanding of industrial big data is also locked into the deep integration of "two transformations."
It is understood that in September this year, the relevant departments will send a government delegation. The purpose of this trip is to exchange Sino-German Industrial 4.0 to promote domestic industrial transformation and upgrading.
At present, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology has determined that "Made in China 2025" should be the main line of "two-in-one" integration. At the same time, intelligent manufacturing is the main direction, and the realization of the control of major intelligent equipment and products is a breakthrough point to promote the popularization of smart factories. The entry point is focused on improving the functional level of manufacturing R&D, production, management and services.
In addition, relevant national departments plan to organize the implementation of smart manufacturing action plans. The first is to develop autonomous development route for major intelligent equipment, and secondly to accelerate the development of large-scale consumer-type smart products, to carry out industrial smart factory application demonstrations, and to develop smart demonstration cities. It is not difficult to see that big data and smart manufacturing will play a pivotal role in the future industrial field.
Regarding the standardization issue, Wang Jianwei pointed out that in order to achieve intelligent manufacturing, standards must be carried out first, and work must be carried out around improving the manufacturing innovation and standardization system. At the same time, we must continue to improve China's manufacturing innovation system and comprehensive standardization system, build a smart manufacturing talent training system, and create a new competitive advantage in manufacturing, thus realizing the transformation of China's manufacturing industry from large to strong.
"'Two-in-one' integrated management index system, this standard is the same as ISO9000, it is a general management standard, but its level is high. ISO9000 is the quality system standard, and the 'two-in-one' integrated management index system is strategic positioning. The four core principles and the nine principles, the ultimate goal is to create a new type of industry." Wang Jianwei said.
In the early days of the Internet, a senior executive of China's earliest e-commerce website 8848, once excitedly announced in a speech, that new technologies are gradually maturing, capturing the habits and characteristics of people's online shopping is about to become possible. After more than a decade, 8848 has faded out of sight, and this technology is widely used in almost all e-commerce transactions. O2O (online and offline trading) is its typical representative.
Wang Jianwei said: "In the past, it was impossible to register things in physical stores. The customers are male and female. The older ones are still younger, and the number of sales will not be recorded. But on the Internet, you start by browsing this product. It can be recorded, including the quantity, time, purchase behavior and purchase habits of the purchase. This is the accumulation of big data, the accuracy of the Internet, the interaction, precision and universality of the Internet, which is its most basic feature."
He pointed out that the "Internet +" development to the final precipitation is big data, constantly achieving accurate calculations and pushes. The intelligent transformation of manufacturing has spawned the era of industrial big data and industrial cloud. In fact, regardless of industrial 4.0 or intelligent manufacturing, it is only the beginning of the integration of material and digital. With the rapid development of science and technology, digital will evolve into knowledge of big data, knowledge. Further combining the cloud to form ideas and ideas is consciousness. Therefore, industrial cloud and industrial big data are also the core competitiveness of intelligent manufacturing.
According to reports, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology is preparing to prepare the "Guiding Opinions on Internet and Industrial Integration Innovation", as well as "Industrial Big Data Guidance Opinions" and "Industrial Cloud Development Guidance Opinions".
Wang Jianwei pointed out that around the deep integration of the "two transformations", the relevant departments have issued the "five-year action plan 2013~2018" to accelerate the "two-in-one" deep integration, and established the China Industrial Big Data Innovation Development Alliance to study and formulate industrial big data innovation. Develop guiding opinions, carry out pilot projects for innovation and application in the big data industry, develop innovative application models for the new generation of information technology industry, carry out new business development projects for manufacturing services, and formulate key personnel training programs for intelligent manufacturing.
In the next step, the relevant departments are also preparing to develop a new generation of innovative application models for the information technology industry. At that time, more than 30,000 enterprises will be assembled on the platform to provide a platform for group companies, large enterprises, medium-sized enterprises, and small and micro enterprises. "New ideas for integration. In addition, it will carry out the new business development project of manufacturing services, combine the integration of the Internet and the manufacturing industry and the transformation trend of intelligent manufacturing, and regard the service-oriented manufacturing development as the core task of the transformation and upgrading of the manufacturing industry, as the key direction of transformation and policy support.
Flange nut is a kind of nut with a wide flange at one end, which can be used as an integral washer. This serves to distribute the pressure of the nut on the fixed part, thereby reducing the possibility of damage to the part and making it less likely to loosen due to uneven fastening surfaces. Most of these nuts are hexagonal, made of hardened steel, and usually have zinc plating on the surface.
In many cases, the flange is fixed and rotates with the nut. The flange may be serrated to provide a locking effect. The serrations are angled so that the nut does not rotate in the direction of loosening the nut. Due to serrations, they cannot be used with washers or on scratched surfaces. The serrations help prevent vibration of the nut from moving the fastener, thereby maintaining the retention of the nut.
Flange nuts are sometimes equipped with rotating flanges, which helps to form a more stable structure without affecting the finished product like serrated flange nuts. Rotating flange nuts are mainly used to connect wood and plastic. Sometimes both sides of the nut are serrated, allowing either side to lock.
The self-aligning nut has a convex spherical flange that cooperates with a concave dish washer to allow the nut to be tightened on a surface not perpendicular to the nut
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