Fertilization is an important measure to regulate crop nutrition, improve soil fertility, and make crops more productive. Fertilization is not as good as possible, but scientific fertilization is required. Scientific fertilization of the core issues, namely how to reduce the loss of fertilizer nutrients, with a minimum of fertilizer, the highest yield, maximize the utilization of fertilizers; the second is to adapt the application of fertilizers and manure good proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium balanced fertilizer to improve soil fertility, prevent water and soil pollution. To this end, pay attention to the following points when fertilizing:
1. Use of chemical fertilizer and farmyard manure
Long-term use of chemical fertilizers alone will result in a decline in soil fertility, a decline in crop yield and quality, damage to ecological balance, and environmental pollution. Chemical fertilizers and manure used in conjunction, can improve crop nutrients, improve soil fertility, reduce fertilizer costs and improve the effectiveness of fertilizer to improve crop yields and quality, reduce environmental pollution. Two complement each other, with mercy priorities, fertilizers and manure is generally believed that the proportion of 7: relatively good results in the range of 7: 3-3.
2, a variety of nutrient balance supply
　　 In 1989 , the application rate of chemical fertilizers in China was N : P2 O5 : K2 O = 1 : 0.34 : 0.09 , lower than the world average ( 1 : 0.47 : 0.37 ), resulting in phosphorus deficiency and potassium deficiency, and the proportion was imbalanced. According to soil conditions and crop, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium proportionally with use, bearing in mind the reasonable trace element fertilizer. Balance the supply of nutrients and give full play to the mutual promotion of fertilizers.
3. Fertilizer properties
There are many types of fertilizers and their properties vary. Before fertilization, comprehensive consideration should be given to the nutrient content, solubility, acidity and alkalinity of the fertilizer, side effects, and the interaction of the fertilizer after mixing to give full play to the economic benefits of the fertilizer.
　　 4 , crop characteristics
Different crop types require different amounts and proportions of various nutrients. For cereal crops, more nitrogen fertilizer is needed, and appropriate phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are needed. Leguminous plants have rhizobium at the roots, which can fix nitrogen in the air . Generally, no large amount of nitrogen fertilizer is needed, but more phosphorus is needed. Potash fertilizer. Crops have different requirements for the quantity, concentration and proportion of various nutrients in different growth stages. In the process of crop growth, there is often a period of demand for a certain nutrient is the most urgent, and the ability to absorb nutrients is the strongest. At this time, sufficient nutrients should be provided in time.
5. Soil condition
Before fertilization, soil properties such as soil organic matter and soil nutrient status, soil texture, soil acidity and alkalinity, and soil ripening degree should be determined to select suitable fertilizer varieties and determine a reasonable fertilization method.
6, climatic conditions
Climatic conditions such as light, temperature, and rainfall are important factors affecting the decomposition and transformation of soil nutrients and nutrients absorbed by crops, and should be considered.
7. Agricultural technical conditions
Agricultural technical conditions are closely related to fertilization effects, such as crop rotation system, farming methods, irrigation and drainage technologies, etc., which have a direct impact on fertilizer efficiency.
Therefore, we must not only understand the nutritional characteristics of crops, the types of crops and the nutrient requirements at different developmental stages, but also comprehensively consider the soil and climatic conditions, the nature of the fertilizer itself, use reasonable agricultural techniques, and fully exert the fertilizer efficiency to obtain high yield of crops. And stable production.
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