After the casting is taken out of the cast-cooled mold, there are gates, risers and metal burrs, and the sand-cast castings adhere to the sand, so it must be cleaned. Equipment for performing such work includes a shot blasting machine, a gate riser cutter, and the like. The sand falling of sand castings is a process with poor working conditions. Therefore, when selecting the modeling method, it should be considered to create convenient conditions for the falling sand cleaning. Some castings are subject to special post-processing requirements such as heat treatment, shaping, anti-rust treatment, roughing, etc.
Casting is a relatively economical method of forming blanks, which is more economical for parts with complex shapes. Such as the cylinder block and cylinder head of the car engine, ship propellers and fine art. Some hard-to-cut parts, such as nickel-base alloy parts of gas turbines, cannot be formed without casting.
In addition, the size and weight of the cast parts are wide, and the metal types are almost unlimited. The parts have general mechanical properties, and also have comprehensive properties such as wear resistance, corrosion resistance and shock absorption. Other metal forming methods such as forging , rolling, welding, punching, etc. can not be done. Therefore, the number of blank parts produced by the casting method in the machine manufacturing industry is still the largest in terms of quantity and tonnage.
Materials commonly used in foundry production are various metals, coke, wood, plastics, gas and liquid fuels, modeling materials, and the like. The equipment required is various furnaces for smelting metal, various sand mixers for sand mixing, various molding machines for core making, core making machines, sand falling machines for cleaning castings, and shot blasting machines. Wait. There are also machines and equipment for special casting and many transportation and material handling equipment.
Casting production has different characteristics from other processes, mainly due to its wide adaptability, the need for materials and equipment, and pollution of the environment. Casting produces dust, harmful gases and noise that pollute the environment. It is more serious than other mechanical manufacturing processes and requires measures to control it.
The trend in casting products is to require castings with better overall performance, higher precision, less headroom and a smoother surface. In addition, the requirements for energy conservation and the voice of society to restore the natural environment are also increasing. In order to meet these requirements, new casting alloys will be developed, and new smelting processes and new equipment will emerge.
While the degree of mechanization automation of foundry production is increasing, it will be more developed to flexible production to expand the adaptability to different batches and varieties. New technologies for energy and raw materials will be given priority, and new processes and new equipment with little or no pollution will be given priority. Quality control technology will have new developments in the detection of various processes and non-destructive testing and stress measurement.
Casting workers will further explore the theory of metal crystallization solidification and sand compaction under the conditions of continuous advancement of electronic technology and testing methods to study effective ways to improve the performance and internal quality of castings. The application of robots and computers in the field of foundry production and management will also become increasingly widespread.
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