Vibration and dryness are two major public hazards during construction machinery. The engine is the main source of vibration for construction machinery. The propagation of engine vibration directly affects the reliability and service life of the construction machinery. At the same time, the driver's ride comfort is deteriorated and the work efficiency is reduced. Some effective methods must be taken to reduce the vibration.
First, the vibration source control
Vibration source control runs through the entire process of design, manufacturing and even use, such as improving engine balance performance, dynamic performance, machining and assembly accuracy of components. The form of vibration generated by the engine during operation is diverse. The main reasons are: the periodic movement of the center of gravity of the engine, the inertial force of the reciprocating member acting up and down the cylinder, the centrifugal inertial force of all the rotating moving parts, and the alternating action of the gas pressure causing the cranking cycle Change, etc. These unbalanced forces and moments can usually adjust the natural frequency of the system by changing the engine design parameters to avoid structural resonance and improve the system resonance characteristics, such as the modal analysis of the body and finite element calculation to study the natural frequency of the body. Wait. Weakening the vibration source and avoiding resonance should first be considered from the design stage. It is necessary to penetrate the system engineering idea in the overall design and fully apply modern design methods such as finite source design, reliability design, robust design, optimization design, computer aided design and intelligent system. And expert system design.
Second, the isolation of vibration
1, rubber vibration isolation
The traditional engine uses elastic support to reduce vibration, and the vibration isolation device has a simple structure, low cost and reliable performance. The rubber support is generally mounted on the frame, and is classified into a compression type, a shear type, and a compression shear type according to the force. The compression type has a simple structure, is easy to manufacture, is widely used, and is generally limited to use in a vertical direction due to a high natural frequency. The shear type has a low natural frequency but is not high in intensity. The compression-shear composite combines the advantages of the first two structures to meet durability and reliability requirements, which is currently the most widely used at home and abroad. In order to make the vibration-isolating rubber support system have better vibration-damping performance, the parameter table requires a spring constant in the same direction, which can also reduce the size of the several shapes.
2, spiral wire rope vibration isolation
As a damping element, the wire rope has the variable frequency performance of high frequency and low stiffness with low frequency and large damping, so it can effectively reduce the vibration of the body. Compared with the traditional rubber damping source, it has the advantages of oil resistance, corrosion resistance, temperature difference resistance, high temperature resistance, aging resistance and small volume. The vibration isolation effect mainly depends on its nonlinear hysteresis characteristics.
3, hydraulic vibration isolation
The hydraulic support system is a combination of traditional rubber support and hydraulic damping. It can provide large damping in the low frequency range and rapidly attenuate the large-value vibration of the engine. It has low dynamic stiffness and energy at medium and high frequencies. Effectively reduces vibration and noise in the cab.
Third, the control of engine vibration
Resonance is sometimes avoided in engineering, so it is common to increase system damping or use a dynamic vibration absorber to reduce vibration response. The dynamic vibration absorber belongs to the compression band control. The viscoelastic damping material has high energy loss. When the vibration is transmitted to the damping material, deformation such as stretching, bending and shearing is generated inside the material, thereby consuming a large amount of vibration energy. Vibration attenuation. The main advantage of damping technology is that it does not need to change the original structure, does not need to add auxiliary equipment, does not need external energy, and takes up less effective space. It is a promising vibration and noise reduction measure.
Fourth, the conclusion
With the improvement of the performance requirements of engineering machinery, the traditional vibration reduction technology is increasingly unable to meet the requirements, and it is imperative to adopt new vibration reduction technology. Apply modern design methods and means, adopt advanced manufacturing technology, reduce or eliminate the harmful exciting force and torque generated by the engine during the working process, and make the effective control and cost-effective engineering machinery engine damping system fully play its role and reduce the engine. The influence of vibration on the performance of engineering machinery is conducive to improving the competitiveness of products in the market.
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