CNC machine tool is a highly efficient and complex automatic machine tool with high technical content, machine and electricity. When the machine tool is running, parts and components will inevitably have different degrees and different types of faults. Therefore, familiar with mechanical faults. The characteristics, mastering the common methods and means of CNC machine tool mechanical fault diagnosis, have a significant effect on determining the cause and elimination of the fault.
1 CNC machine tool fault diagnosis principles and basic requirements
The failure (or failure) of the so-called CNC machine system is a loss of the prescribed function of the index control machine system. Faults can be divided into multiple types according to their form of expression, nature, and cause. However, regardless of the type of failure, some principles and diagnostic techniques can be followed when making a diagnosis.
1.1 Troubleshooting principle.
It mainly includes the following aspects: 1) Fully investigate the phenomenon of failure, firstly investigate the operator, and inquire in detail about the whole process of the failure, what phenomena have occurred, and what measures have been taken. Then do a detailed survey on the site; 2) When looking for the cause of the fault, the idea should be broad, whether it is integrated electrical appliances, or mechanical and hydraulic, as long as there is a possibility of causing the fault, it should be listed as comprehensively as possible. Then carry out comprehensive judgment and optimization selection to determine the most likely cause of the failure; 3) first mechanical and then electrical, first static and dynamic principle. Before troubleshooting, you should first take care to eliminate mechanical failures. In the running state, dynamic observation, inspection and testing are performed to find faults. If a destructive fault occurs after power-on, the danger must be removed before powering up.
1.2 Troubleshooting requirements.
In addition to a wealth of professional knowledge, personnel who perform CNC fault diagnosis operations need to have certain hands-on ability and practical operation experience. They require the staff to combine practical experience, be good at analysis and thinking, and analyze the cause of the fault by the actual operation of the faulty machine tool. It should be changed invariably to achieve the effect of one. Complete maintenance tools and diagnostic instruments are essential. Common tools such as screwdrivers, pliers, wrenches, electric soldering irons, etc., commonly used measuring instruments such as multimeters, oscilloscopes, signal generators, etc. In addition, the staff also needs to prepare the necessary technical materials, such as CNC machine tool electrical principle drawings, structural layout drawings, CNC system parameter specifications, maintenance instructions, installation, operation, and operating instructions.
2 troubleshooting ideas
The design ideas of different CNC systems vary widely, but regardless of the system, their basic principles and composition are very similar. Therefore, in the event of a machine tool failure, the maintenance personnel must have a clear idea of ​​fault handling: investigate the fault site, confirm the fault phenomenon, the nature of the fault, and fully grasp the fault information, so as to achieve "multiple brains, be careful" to avoid the expansion of faults. . Identify the complexity of the fault based on the fault information you have and list all the suspects of the fault location. Prepare the necessary technical materials, such as machine tool specifications, electrical control schematics, etc., based on which to analyze the cause of the fault, develop a solution to troubleshoot, require an open mind, and should not limit the fault to a certain part of the machine tool. After determining the troubleshooting scheme, use a measuring instrument such as a multimeter or an oscilloscope to verify and detect the fault by the test method, locate the fault location step by step, and confirm whether the fault belongs to an electrical fault or a mechanical fault, whether it is systematic or random. Is it a fault or an external fault? Troubleshooting. Usually the problem will be solved immediately after finding the cause of the failure.
3 troubleshooting method
The numerical control system of CNC machine tools is the core of CNC machine tools. Its reliable operation is directly related to the normal operation of the entire equipment. The following summarizes some methods for judging and eliminating CNC machine faults.
3.1 Make full use of the hardware and software alarm functions of the CNC system.
In the modern numerical control system, a large number of hardware alarm indicating devices are provided, and setting the hardware alarm indicating device is beneficial to improve the maintainability of the numerical control system. The CNC system of CNC machine tools has self-diagnosis function. During the operation of the CNC system, the system can be quickly diagnosed using a self-diagnostic program. Once a fault is detected, the fault is immediately displayed on the CRT as an alarm or on the illuminated panel. And this self-diagnostic function can also classify faults as alarms.
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