The general materials and accessories of furniture products are divided into 12 categories, which are detailed as follows:
First, aluminum
Aluminum is one of the non-ferrous metals in the metal category. Due to its wide application, it is introduced separately as follows: aluminum profiles and die-cast aluminum alloys are commonly used. Among them, aluminum ingots with a purity of more than 92% are mainly used as raw materials, and metal elements such as carbon, magnesium, silicon, sulfur, etc., which increase strength, hardness and wear resistance, are added to form a plurality of "alloys".
1.1 Aluminum profiles
Aluminum profiles are commonly used as screens, aluminum windows, and the like. It adopts an extrusion molding process, that is, raw materials such as aluminum ingots are melted in a furnace, and then extruded through an extruder to form a mold, which can also extrude various profiles of different sections. The main properties, namely strength, hardness and wear resistance, are in accordance with national standard GB6063. The advantages are: light weight of only 2.8, no rust, rapid design change, low mold input, longitudinal elongation of up to 10 meters. The appearance of the aluminum profile is bright and matt. The treatment process is anodized, and the surface treated oxide film reaches a thickness of 0.12 m/m. The wall thickness of the aluminum profile is selected according to the product design optimization. It is not the thicker the better on the market. It should be designed according to the cross-sectional structure requirements. It can be uneven in 0.5~5mm. The layman thinks that the thicker and harder it is, the more wrong it is.
The surface quality of aluminum profiles is also difficult to overcome: warpage, deformation, black lines, bumps and white lines. The designer's high level and the mold design and production process are reasonable, which can avoid the above defects are not obvious. Inspection defects shall be carried out in accordance with the national inspection method, that is, the line of sight is 40~50CM to discriminate the defects.
Aluminum profiles are widely used in furniture: screen skeletons, various hanging beams, table legs, decorative strips, handles, wire troughs and covers, chair tubes, etc., can be used for ever-changing design and application!
Although aluminum profiles have many advantages, there are also some unsatisfactory places:
1. Aluminum without oxidation treatment is easy to "rust"
2, resulting in performance degradation
3, the longitudinal strength is not comparable to iron products
4, the surface oxide layer wear resistance is not comparable to the plating layer
5, easy to scratch
6, the cost is higher, the cost of iron products is about 3~4 times higher
1.2 Die-cast aluminum alloy
Compared with the processing method of die-casting alloy and profile, the equipment is different. Its raw material is melted in a furnace with aluminum ingot (purity of about 92%) and alloy material, and it is molded into a die-casting machine. The shape of die-cast aluminum products can be designed like imaged toys, with different shapes and convenient connection in various directions. In addition, it has high hardness and can be mixed with zinc to form zinc-aluminum alloy.
Die-casting aluminum forming process:
1, die casting
2, rough polishing to mold residual material
3, fine polishing
On the other hand, the die-casting aluminum production process should be made by a mold, and the mold cost is very expensive, which is higher than other molds such as injection molds. At the same time, mold repair is very difficult, and it is difficult to reduce the repair when designing an error.
Die-cast aluminum defects:
1, each production and processing should be more, the cost is low
2, polishing is more complicated,
3, the production cycle is slow
4, the product cost is about 3~4 times higher than the injection molded parts
5, the screw hole requirements should be a little larger (diameter 4.5mm) connection force is stable
Adaptation range: table legs, shift table connectors, decorative heads, aluminum profile sealing parts, countertops and coffee table top supports, etc., a wide range.
Second, hardware
The concept of “hardware†is a popular saying. The standard classification should be divided into two categories: ferrous metal and non-ferrous metal. It is used in furniture, such as tubular, rod, plate, wire and horn.
2.1 ferrous metal parts
Mainly refers to iron products, its advantages are: resistance to deformation, high strength, good wear resistance, high hardness, low price and long life. It belongs to carbon iron alloy, which is divided into high carbon steel, low carbon steel and medium carbon steel; it is divided into round pipe, square pipe, angle iron and steel plate. Round tubes are mainly used for chair products; square tubes are used for beams and brackets; steel plates are mainly used for baffles, screens, pendants, support arms, metal cabinets, doors, etc.
Steel products disadvantages:
1, easy to rust
2, heavy volume
3, afraid of moisture
The methods for solving the above defects include electroplating, spraying, and black-and-blue processing.
There are many processing methods for hardware parts: bending, punching, drilling, welding, cutting, and pressing. In short, processing according to design requirements or product requirements.
2.2 Non-ferrous metal parts
Refers to all metal parts except iron products such as: aluminum, copper, zinc, stainless steel, etc. It has a feature that is not easy to rust, and its strength is worse than that of black metal. There are many furniture used: aluminum plate, aluminum rod, stainless steel tube, stainless steel plate, copper plate, zinc plate.
Stainless steel parts: stainless steel parts are divided into two categories: stainless steel and stainless steel: often called "430" for stainless steel, "304" for pure stainless steel, one of the methods for judging them: testing with magnets, "430" can be magnet Suck, but "304" can't. The proportion of stainless steel parts is slightly higher than that of iron products, but the price is four times higher than that of iron products. Therefore, only high-end products are used.
Copper products: Copper products are divided into pure copper and copper alloys. Pure copper, also known as copper, has poor strength and hardness but good toughness. The copper alloy is mostly used for brass, which is a zinc-based alloy copper. Pure copper prices are slightly higher than "304" stainless copper 30~40%, while brass is 20% lower than pure copper. The hardness and strength of copper alloy are slightly higher than that of stainless copper, but it is easy to break and brittle. The copper parts used in furniture are mainly handles and pre-embedded screws. In order to prevent "rusting", pure copper is generally used after electroplating, while brass is not required, and a large area is used for furniture.
Zinc products: Pure zinc products are used less, mainly in combination with zinc alloys or steel. Such as galvanized sheet, electrolytic board, etc. Less use in furniture due to the poor strength of zinc products. Zinc alloy parts such as eccentric buckles, structural parts connection points (pieces), etc. The specific gravity of zinc alloy is about 6.8 lower than that of iron. The price is between steel and aluminum alloy. Most zinc alloys produce furniture parts in the form of die-casting parts.
Titanium, zirconium alloys: These are relatively expensive metals. They are used in most of the furniture in electroplated form and are used in high-grade handles, hinges and high-end exposed connectors or hotel furniture. The cost of electroplating is about 40% higher than the cost of chrome plating, but the appearance is high-grade similar to gold and silver products, and the wear resistance is very good and will not rust.
2.3 Casting metal
Many furniture hardware products use castings, such as handles, door hinges, etc. At present, there are many popular casting production methods in the market, such as: precision casting process, die casting process, casting process. Casting materials are brass, stainless steel, zinc-tin alloy, and aluminum alloy. Casting product features: exquisite, special shape and so on. The disadvantage is that the cost per piece is high, the cost of different castings is different, and the cost is high to low. The casting is cast and cast, and the cost of the mold is high to low: die casting and casting. The shortcomings of casting products are: the production cycle is slightly increased, the products have to be qualified for 2~3 processes, and the accessories must be processed according to different requirements or surface decoration such as electroplating, polishing, drawing, sandblasting and oil spraying.
Third, rubber and plastic
3.1 Plastic parts
The application of plastic products in furniture is very common, and there are many types of materials: ABS, PP, PVC, PU, ​​POM, PA, PMMA, PE, PS, PC, and different materials have different adaptation ranges.
ABS: Commonly used engineering plastics, can be used for connectors, seat backs, seat plates, which are the main raw materials for electroplating (water plating) in plastics.
PP: Common name polypropylene, used for five-star feet, handrails, foot pads and connectors with low strength requirements. Disadvantages: poor wear resistance and low surface hardness.
PVC: The common name is polyvinyl chloride, which is mainly used for edge-sealing parts and inserting conditions. It is suitable for extrusion molding, and PVC material is a non-combustible material in plastic parts, and the temperature stability of processing and molding is poor, especially the stability of color is not good.
PU: Common name polyurethane. Mainly used for handrail (foaming) accessories.
POM: The common name is Steel. Mainly used for wear parts such as foot pads, casters, door hinges, hinges, etc. Performance is wear-resistant, pressure-resistant, but dimensional stability is poor.
PA: The common name nylon. It is mainly used as a place for wear resistance and high life expectancy such as foot pads, five-star claws and casters. Features: wear-resistant, pressure-resistant, high-strength indoor long service life, individual models such as PA66 high temperature resistance up to 2200, the disadvantage is that the sun is easy to change performance under the sun, easy to break, poor weather resistance.
PMMA: Plexiglass (commonly known as Agaric). There are five kinds of transparent materials in the plastic, and PMMA is one of the highest transparency, the acetic acid taste is cut when the workpiece is cut, and the processing deformation is easy. The soaking with boiling water can shape the bending. Disadvantages: the surface is easy to scratch, the hardness is low, it is easy to crack when bent, the price is more than 20% higher than ABS.
PC: Commonly known as polycarbonate. The variety is also a transparent material with high surface hardness, scratch resistance, strong impact resistance, high strength and good weatherability (ie not afraid of sunlight). The screen partition solar panel in the furniture is a hollow extrusion molding of this material. Features: high cost, about 40% higher than PMMA.
3.2 Rubber parts
Most of the rubber varieties are formed by vulcanization process. The characteristics are: softness is good, and different hard and softness adjustments can be made. The shape can be complicated, and there is no case of demoulding. It is resistant to oil, acid, alkali and abrasion. Disadvantages: The color is more difficult to rough (especially dark to light). The hardness is limited, the surface is rough, unlike plastic, it can achieve mirror effect. However, the mold cost is low, the cycle is fast, the magnetic powder can be incorporated into the material production, and it is modified into a magnetic body to provide sound insulation and sealing.
The furniture industry uses rubber such as nitrile rubber and silica gel. Generally used in screen insulation strips, foot plugs, vacuum suction cup plugs, guide rail damping parts, etc.
1. Hardware and electrical products: Hand Tools, power tools, cutting tools, measuring tools and abrasives, fasteners and seals, material handling, storage, packaging, and workshop office supplies, electrical products, testing instruments and meters, motors, bearings and belts, lighting;
2, hand tools: toolbox/package; Van; The toolkit. Portable toolbox; Kit; Wrench; Adjustable spanner; Open spanner; Dual-use spanner; Plum spanner; Ratchet wrench;
3, set insulation tools: pipe pliers; Pipe vise; Chain pipe tongs; Plastic hard tube cutter; Wire-setting tools; Set of tube tools; Set of silk machine; Metal pipe cutter; Hydraulic pipe bender;
4, power tools: drill; Gouge. Screwdriver head and sleeve; Openings for; Curve Saw Blade; Circular saw blade. Saber saw blade; Slice for grinding machine; Grinding tablets for grinding machines; Diamond cutting piece; Woodworking tools;
5. Cutting tools, measuring tools and grinding tools: twist drill; Center drill; Silk hammer; Die; Vertical milling cutter. Slotting cutter;
tool,power tools,hand tools,set insulation tools,Cutting tools
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