For the first impression of superconductivity, many people still stay in physics textbooks for primary and secondary schools: In ultra-low temperature environments, materials can achieve zero resistance. The magical technology that can be applied to grid construction on a large scale seems to be far away.
Can dreams be realized in Shanghai? The reporter recently learned that with the acceleration of research on superconducting materials at home and abroad, the second-generation high-temperature superconducting material research in Shanghai is entering a critical period. If a technical breakthrough can be formed, it is expected to catch up with the international advanced level and promote superconducting materials in the smart grid. Many fields such as generators, maglev trains, radars, and remote sensing have been used in industrial applications to open the blue ocean market.
In the superconducting tape industry research base newly established in the past two years such as Shanghai Superconductor Co., Ltd. and Shanghai Superclysson Co., Ltd., the reporter learned about the “magic†of the second-generation HTS materials – it is not as bulky and bulky as conventional cables. The core conductive layer is as thin as a flap and light as a feather. The 1000-meter superconducting tape, like a tape measure, can be coiled and can be easily picked up by one person. More importantly, it has a transmission capacity that is 100 times higher than that of copper conductors of the same size.
Professor Li Xiaojie, chief scientist of Shanghai Superconductor Company, told reporters that the concept of “high temperature superconductivity†is not the daily “high temperature†in the minds of the people, but that the high temperature superconductivity is lower than the low temperature superconductivity of minus 270 degrees Celsius. The zero resistance is achieved at 196 degrees Celsius (77K), and as the cost of achieving a low temperature environment of minus 196 degrees Celsius is greatly reduced, a vast market space is revealed.
Take power grid reconstruction as an example. In 2008, the total electricity consumption in the country was nearly 3,500 billion kWh. According to the current Chinese transmission loss rate of 8%-9%, China’s annual loss is as high as 300 billion kWh, equivalent to three investments of 120 billion yuan. Above the total power generation of nuclear power plants. Shanghai's electricity consumption accounts for about 3.6% of the country's total. The annual loss will reach 11.2 billion kWh, equivalent to more than RMB 10 billion yuan. It is conceivable that if superconducting cables are used instead of traditional high voltage transmission lines, the cost savings will be staggering. It is understood that in the United States, the transformation of superconducting networks has begun. In April 2008, the world’s first commercial high-temperature superconducting cable was put into operation in Long Island, New York, USA. In recent years, Shanghai has also increased its efforts in demonstration applications. In 2011, the Shanghai Cable Research Institute organized a number of units to carry out the construction of superconducting cable demonstration projects, and took a solid step forward in the conversion of superconducting cables.
Of course, the process of letting superconducting materials go through the threshold of industrialization is not simple, and the competition in technology at home and abroad is also becoming increasingly fierce. Ma Jing, chief engineer of the Municipal Commission of Economics and Information Technology, stated that Shanghai is undergoing a stage of scaling up from pilot to pilot scale. It is led by a group of returnees and university professors. It is combined with social capital and is based on the “physical law†and “chemical method†respectively. The technological route is to carry out industrialization and strive to “copy path†to catch up with domestic and foreign counterparts. "Although the long-term perspective, large-scale commercial applications will have to go through a long process, but if the breakthrough in industrial production to achieve a leading position, the significance of the development of the entire smart grid industry is very far-reaching."
It is not easy for superconducting to attack every step forward. According to Li Jiejie, relying on the research team of Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai Superconductor Company has achieved the goal of localization of baseband after relying on the research team of Shanghai Jiaotong University. In October last year, it used a laboratory small device to prepare 150 meters long and transmit 500 amps on its own baseband. The company's high-temperature superconducting tapes, the company has completed a 500-square-meter production line of clean plant construction, the first production line is based on self-owned equipment, km-level strip production line has been put into production, is expected to launch products at the end. After the expansion of the production line next year, it will achieve an annual output of 300 kilometers of strip. According to Hong Zhiyong, deputy general manager of Shanghai Superconducting Company, high-temperature superconductors can be applied in many fields before the large-scale application of power grid construction and commercialization of “water testing†is fully implemented. For example, the company has started research and development of superconducting induction heaters, which can heat copper and aluminum materials in the field of metallurgy. Due to the zero-resistance characteristics of superconductors, the efficiency can reach over 90%, far exceeding the 50% efficiency of conventional induction heating equipment. This equipment is expected to be introduced to the market in the near future.
As one of the Shanghai Pujiang scholars, Professor Cai Chuanbing, deputy general manager and technical director of Shanghai Sunac Superconducting Co., Ltd., who returned from overseas, said that in terms of technology, the gap between China and foreign countries is not large. Shanghai’s At present, the University has formed 12 independent intellectual property achievements and independently researched and developed the first chemical dynamic coating system in the country. Using a self-designed continuous dynamic deposition system, it has passed the low-cost technology route of second-generation high-temperature superconducting tapes. “Let us have confidence that Shanghai has a strong upstream and downstream industry base for superconductivity. In the upper reaches, we cooperated with Jinshan Greensay Co., Ltd. and Shanghai Chemical Industry Research Institute to continuously reduce the cost of raw materials; in the downstream, we studied with Shanghai Cable. The cooperation between Shanghai Institute of Electrical Engineering and Shanghai Cable Factory, Shanghai Electric Machinery Factory, etc. continues to promote the application of new technologies in the downstream areas. Everyone is working together to form the industrial chain cluster of Shanghai Superconductor Research as soon as possible."
Although the establishment time was only two or three years and the technical route was not the same, the reporters at Shanghai Superconductor Co., Ltd. and Shangchuang Superconductor Co., Ltd. all saw a lean and efficient R&D team, and the proportion of scientific research personnel reached 70%-80%. Scholars led by returned scholars, university experts, and young and middle-aged scholars take on the backbone of the clear R&D team with great motives. They accelerate the research process day and night, and the application companies in the downstream of the industrial chain are ready to go. A new cluster of industry chain clusters has begun to emerge in Shanghai.
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