During the “Eleventh Five-Year Plan†period (2006-2010), China’s exports of mechanical and electrical products totaled US$3.72 trillion, and the export volume increased from US$426.75 billion in 2005 to US$933.43 billion in 2010, an increase of 118.7% over the past five years. The growth rate is 17%. The proportion of high-tech products continued to increase during the “Eleventh Five-Year Plan†period. The proportion of China's high-tech products in foreign trade exports increased from 28.6% at the end of the “Tenth Five-Year Plan†to 31.2%, and the proportion of high-tech mechanical and electrical products in mechanical and electrical products exports reached 52.8. %, which is 2.5 percentage points higher than the end of the 10th Five-Year Plan. The export of high-tech mechanical and electrical products has grown substantially, and it has achieved a historic leap during the “Eleventh Five-Year Plan†period. It has become the main driving force for the export growth and structural optimization of mechanical and electrical products during this period, such as the ARJ21-700 aircraft with independent intellectual property rights in China. The first batch export to the Western market; LCD TV exports have almost completely replaced the traditional CRT TV, the export volume has reached 90%; China's own brand of cars have begun to export to Germany, Italy and other countries, indicating the technical performance of China's cars and Safety performance is close to or meets the requirements of the international high-end market. The export of solar cells has sprung up everywhere and has developed rapidly. It has seized the international commanding heights of green energy development in the post-financial crisis era. Electronic and electrical products are still the largest electromechanical export category in China, but the growth rate is slowing down and the proportion is decreasing. 1. Overall situation. During the "Eleventh Five-Year Plan" period, China's largest export category of electronic appliances, including home appliances and consumer electronics, communication products, automatic data processing equipment and parts, electronic components, etc., was exported from the end of the "Tenth Five-Year Plan" period. The increase of 274.82 billion US dollars to the end of the "Eleventh Five-Year Plan" was 542.45 billion US dollars, with an average annual growth rate of 15%, slightly lower than the average speed of exports of mechanical and electrical products, accounting for 64% of the end of the "10th Five-Year Plan" to "11. At the end of the five-year period, 58%, but still the country's largest category of electromechanical export products. Among them, the export volume of automatic data processing equipment and parts increased from the end of the “Tenth Five-Year Plan†to the US$100 billion mark to more than US$180 billion at the end of the “Eleventh Five-Year Planâ€, the largest increase, but because the base has been large, the year The average growth rate is only 12%, and the export of household appliances and consumer electronics is obviously weak. The average annual growth rate is only 8%, but the communication equipment and parts, electronic components and electrical equipment are growing rapidly. 2. The export of telecommunications equipment has formed an international competitive advantage. The export of China's telecom equipment started from the late 1990s. The quality and efficiency of export growth during the 11th Five-Year Plan period increased significantly. The export volume of communication equipment and parts increased from nearly 50 billion US dollars to more than 100 billion US dollars, with an average annual increase. It is 18%. China's telecom equipment manufacturing enterprises represented by Huawei and ZTE have developed into the world's leading multinational enterprise groups. The products have been distributed in more than 100 countries around the world and have entered the high-end market in Europe and America, which has long been occupied by multinational companies, and their independent innovation capability has rapidly improved. In the core technology areas, gradually changed from followers to industry leaders. In the field of communication terminal products, China has become the world's mobile phone production and export base, and mobile phone production has accounted for more than half of global production. 3. The export of electronic components has grown rapidly, and the performance of solar cells is eye-catching. The electronic components industry is the foundation of the electronic information industry. The “Eleventh Five-Year†exports have grown at a high rate, with an average annual growth rate of 23%. At present, the domestic market share of major electronic components has exceeded 50%, and the international market share has exceeded 30%. Capacitors, resistors, electronic transformers, magnetic materials, piezoelectric quartz crystals, electro-acoustic devices, micro-motors, optical cables, printed circuit boards, lithium-ion electromagnetic and solar cells have ranked first in the world. Among them, it is particularly noteworthy that in recent years, due to the soaring energy prices in the international market, many countries in Europe and the United States have adopted solar energy as a key new energy industry. The demand in the international market is developing rapidly, while the domestic market in China is developing slowly and the space is small, which has led to rapid growth in exports. Photovoltaic products such as solar cells have become a new growth point for China's exports. In 2010, China's solar cell exports reached US$20.2 billion, an increase of 183.98% over the previous year. 4. The growth of electrical equipment exports has attracted attention. Benefiting from the complete range of basic industries, national industrial revitalization planning and investment growth, electrical equipment including transformers, wires and cables, and circuit breakers have been exported at a high speed during the 11th Five-Year Plan period. Exports increased from $25.5 billion to $65.8 billion, with an average annual growth rate of 21%. Driven by the rapid development of the power industry, rail transit construction, shipbuilding industry and communications industry, the wire and cable industry, known as the “vascular†and “nerve†of the manufacturing industry, has developed rapidly in the industry, driving the rapid growth of exports and making China a reality. In the world's wire and cable export countries. The export of vehicles has achieved a historic leap and has become the second largest category of mechanical and electrical products exports in China. 1. Overall situation. At the end of the "Tenth Five-Year Plan", ships, automobiles, railway locomotives, etc. were not the main products exported by China. After the development and development during the "Eleventh Five-Year Plan" period, the export volume of China's ships, marine equipment and their accessories increased by more than 8 times. The growth rate of automobiles and parts has increased by more than 3 times, and the annual growth rate has reached 25%. The export of railway and tramway locomotives has become the highlight of the export of vehicles in recent years. The export value of the “11th Five-Year Plan†has been It reached 1.58 billion US dollars, an increase of 80% over the previous year. 2. Automobile exports are developing rapidly and healthily under the qualification management mode. During the "11th Five-Year Plan" period, the export volume of China's automobiles and their parts and components increased from 10.9 billion US dollars to 32.9 billion US dollars, with an average annual growth rate of 25%. As far as the whole vehicle is concerned, the “Eleventh Five-Year Plan†is a period of truly internationalization of China’s auto vehicles. Although the international financial crisis has been hit hard, the export of China’s auto vehicles (including complete sets of spare parts) has increased from 159,400 to 560,000. The export volume increased from 1.533 billion U.S. dollars to 6.798 billion U.S. dollars. However, at the same time of rapid growth, China’s auto exports also showed signs of low-price marketing, disordered export, and unstable export markets. In the case of motorcycles, the state implemented export qualification management for automobile export enterprises in 2007 with remarkable results. During the "11th Five-Year Plan" period, the unit price of China's auto vehicles has increased from less than 10,000 US dollars to 12,300 US dollars, and it has embarked on a path of sound development. The export market has begun to move toward high-end developed countries mainly from developing countries. 3. Undertaking the world shipbuilding industry transfer, China has become the world's largest ship exporter. Since 2002-2003, stimulated by the unprecedented prosperity of the world shipping market, China has gradually adopted the comprehensive competitive advantages of supporting industries, low labor costs and complete manufacturing system, and gradually adopted the processing trade method to undertake the transfer of the world shipbuilding industry. The ship's export started, and it took off during the 11th Five-Year Plan period. Ships, marine equipment and their spare parts exports increased from US$5.05 billion to US$41.3 billion, an eight-fold increase over five years, with an average annual growth rate of 52%, the highest increase among bulk exports. The three main ship types, bulk carriers, oil tankers and container ships have already developed their own capabilities, and high-tech, high value-added ships have also achieved breakthroughs. According to the new orders, China has surpassed South Korea to become the world's largest ship exporter. 4. Railway equipment quickly completed the exit start and take off. China's railway equipment exports have completed the start-up period and the take-off period in the short period of five years during the 11th Five-Year Plan. Around 2004, the state has determined the overall policy of promoting the modernization of railway technology and equipment, "introducing advanced technology, co-designing production, and building Chinese brands." Under the promotion of national policies and the efforts of related enterprises, China Railway during the 11th Five-Year Plan period The modernization of equipment has made significant progress through the successful introduction of digestion, absorption and innovation. It has mastered the world's advanced and mature railway locomotive manufacturing technology. The export of railway equipment has achieved rapid development. In 2010, the export volume of railway and tramway locomotives reached US$1.58 billion. It has been exported from low value-added and low-tech accessories to high-value-added, high-tech diesel locomotives, passenger cars, trucks, subway buses and EMUs. The export market has grown to more than 50 and entered In the high-end markets such as Hong Kong and Brazil, the two major groups, CNR and CSR, have strong international competitiveness. Exports of machinery and equipment grew steadily, and exports of construction machinery, parts and components, and agricultural machinery grew rapidly. Mechanical equipment includes mechanical basic parts, crane engineering machinery and parts, agricultural machinery and parts, metal processing machine tools, textile machinery and parts, sewing machines and parts. During the “Eleventh Five-Year Plan†period, the export of major machinery and equipment grew steadily, with an average annual growth rate of 18%, of which construction machinery increased at a high rate. The export value of agricultural machinery and parts increased from 1.79 billion US dollars to 5.92 billion US dollars, with an average annual growth rate. 27%. After the introduction and digestion and re-innovation, China's construction machinery manufacturing industry has formed an industrial chain, economic scale and cost advantages, and its core competitiveness has basically taken shape. Around 2004, affected by the macroeconomic regulation and control of the national economy, the growth of the domestic market was slow. China's self-owned brand construction machinery enterprises actively implemented the internationalization strategy. At the same time, the international brand products produced by the three-capital brand enterprises in China also began to enter the international market. The export of construction machinery has made great progress, and the export value of machinery and parts for crane engineering has increased from US$8.93 billion to US$22.84 billion.
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