Water and fertilizer integration is a technology that combines fertilization and irrigation. It is a fertilization method in which solid quick-acting fertilizer is dissolved in water and fertilized with water. Generally, the fertilizer is dissolved and mixed in the pool in the field, and the water is used as a carrier to complete the fertilization while irrigating. Fertilizer nutrients penetrate into the soil with irrigation water, and then reach the root surface through mass flow, diffusion and root interception, which are used for crop absorption and utilization. This type of fertigation method is characterized by integration of water and fertilizer, improved fertilization efficiency, and reduced total fertilization. The amount of fertilization per time should be formulated according to the type of crop and the difference in fertilizer requirements during different growth periods, and match the amount of water to be filled.
The advantage of this technology is that fertigation fertilization is fast and nutrient utilization is improved. It can avoid the problem that the fertilizer is applied to the dry topsoil and the volatilization loss is slow, the dissolution is slow, and the final fertilizer effect is slow. In particular, the problem of ammonium and urea nitrogen fertilizer applied to the surface volatilization loss is avoided, which not only saves nitrogen fertilizer but also benefits the environment. protection. Therefore, the water and fertilizer integration technology has greatly improved the utilization rate of fertilizer. According to Professor Zhang Chenglin of South China Agricultural University, the fertigation system saves 50%~70% of fertilizer compared with conventional fertilization. At the same time, it greatly reduces the problem of water pollution caused by excessive fertilization in facilities vegetables and orchards. Because the water and fertilizer integration technology through artificial quantitative control, to meet the needs of crops in the healthy growth period, "satisfy and adequate", to eliminate any symptoms of deficiency, so the production can achieve the goal of good crop yield and quality.
Water and fertilizer integration is a comprehensive technology involving farmland irrigation, crop cultivation and soil cultivation. The main technical essentials must pay attention to the following four aspects:
First, establish an irrigation system. In terms of design, the depth, length and area of ​​the irrigation system should be designed according to the basic conditions such as terrain, field, unit, soil texture, crop planting mode and water source characteristics. The irrigation method of water and fertilizer integration can be pipe irrigation, sprinkler irrigation, micro sprinkler irrigation, pump pressure drip irrigation, gravity drip irrigation, seepage irrigation, and small tube outflow. It is especially forbidden to use large water flooding, which is easy to cause nitrogen loss and also reduce water utilization.
Second, the fertilization system. It should be designed in the field for quantitative fertilization, including the location, capacity, export, fertilization pipeline, distributor valve, pump fertilizer pump, etc. of the reservoir and the mixed fertilizer tank.
Third, choose the right type of fertilizer. Optional liquid or solid fertilizer, such as ammonia, urea, ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate, monoammonium phosphate, diammonium phosphate, potassium chloride, potassium sulfate, potassium nitrate, calcium nitrate, magnesium sulfate and other fertilizers; solid powder or small Block is preferred, requires high water solubility, contains less impurities, generally should not use granular compound fertilizer (including Chinese and foreign products); if using biogas slurry or humic acid fertilizer, it must be leaked to avoid blocking the pipeline.
Fourth, the operation of fertigation.
1. Fertilizer dissolving and mixing: no need to stir or mix when applying liquid fertilizer. Generally, solid fertilizer needs to be mixed with water to form liquid fertilizer, and if necessary, separate to avoid precipitation and other problems.
2. Fertilization control: The dosage should be mastered when fertilizing, and the suitable concentration for injecting fertilizer is about 0.1% of the irrigation flow. For example, the irrigation flow rate is 50m3/mu, and the injected fertilizer liquid is about 50 liters/mu; excessive application may cause crop death and environmental pollution.
3. The process of fertigation is divided into three stages: the first stage, using water without fertilizer; the second stage, using fertilizer solution for irrigation; the third stage, washing the irrigation system with water without fertilizer.
In short, water and fertilizer integration technology is an advanced technology that is cost-effective and efficient. In the case of qualified agricultural areas, as long as the previous investment is resolved, and technical support is provided, promotion and application will become an effective measure to increase farmers' income. .
The advantage of this technology is that fertigation fertilization is fast and nutrient utilization is improved. It can avoid the problem that the fertilizer is applied to the dry topsoil and the volatilization loss is slow, the dissolution is slow, and the final fertilizer effect is slow. In particular, the problem of ammonium and urea nitrogen fertilizer applied to the surface volatilization loss is avoided, which not only saves nitrogen fertilizer but also benefits the environment. protection. Therefore, the water and fertilizer integration technology has greatly improved the utilization rate of fertilizer. According to Professor Zhang Chenglin of South China Agricultural University, the fertigation system saves 50%~70% of fertilizer compared with conventional fertilization. At the same time, it greatly reduces the problem of water pollution caused by excessive fertilization in facilities vegetables and orchards. Because the water and fertilizer integration technology through artificial quantitative control, to meet the needs of crops in the healthy growth period, "satisfy and adequate", to eliminate any symptoms of deficiency, so the production can achieve the goal of good crop yield and quality.
Water and fertilizer integration is a comprehensive technology involving farmland irrigation, crop cultivation and soil cultivation. The main technical essentials must pay attention to the following four aspects:
First, establish an irrigation system. In terms of design, the depth, length and area of ​​the irrigation system should be designed according to the basic conditions such as terrain, field, unit, soil texture, crop planting mode and water source characteristics. The irrigation method of water and fertilizer integration can be pipe irrigation, sprinkler irrigation, micro sprinkler irrigation, pump pressure drip irrigation, gravity drip irrigation, seepage irrigation, and small tube outflow. It is especially forbidden to use large water flooding, which is easy to cause nitrogen loss and also reduce water utilization.
Second, the fertilization system. It should be designed in the field for quantitative fertilization, including the location, capacity, export, fertilization pipeline, distributor valve, pump fertilizer pump, etc. of the reservoir and the mixed fertilizer tank.
Third, choose the right type of fertilizer. Optional liquid or solid fertilizer, such as ammonia, urea, ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate, monoammonium phosphate, diammonium phosphate, potassium chloride, potassium sulfate, potassium nitrate, calcium nitrate, magnesium sulfate and other fertilizers; solid powder or small Block is preferred, requires high water solubility, contains less impurities, generally should not use granular compound fertilizer (including Chinese and foreign products); if using biogas slurry or humic acid fertilizer, it must be leaked to avoid blocking the pipeline.
Fourth, the operation of fertigation.
1. Fertilizer dissolving and mixing: no need to stir or mix when applying liquid fertilizer. Generally, solid fertilizer needs to be mixed with water to form liquid fertilizer, and if necessary, separate to avoid precipitation and other problems.
2. Fertilization control: The dosage should be mastered when fertilizing, and the suitable concentration for injecting fertilizer is about 0.1% of the irrigation flow. For example, the irrigation flow rate is 50m3/mu, and the injected fertilizer liquid is about 50 liters/mu; excessive application may cause crop death and environmental pollution.
3. The process of fertigation is divided into three stages: the first stage, using water without fertilizer; the second stage, using fertilizer solution for irrigation; the third stage, washing the irrigation system with water without fertilizer.
In short, water and fertilizer integration technology is an advanced technology that is cost-effective and efficient. In the case of qualified agricultural areas, as long as the previous investment is resolved, and technical support is provided, promotion and application will become an effective measure to increase farmers' income. .
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