The stems, weeds and other plants are harvested, and all the stems and leaves are harvested before seeding. After sun exposure and baking, most of the water is evaporated and dried to a degree that can be stored for a long time, that is, green hay is prepared. The prepared green hay has good nutrition, good palatability, high protein content (up to 20%), and perfect quality; rich in vitamins, such as carotene, containing 5-40 mg per kilogram; proper mineral composition It is rich in calcium; the balance of various nutrients is relatively balanced, and the digestibility of organic matter can reach 46% to 70%. Although there are many celluloses, the digestibility is higher than that of similar orange stalks, which is about 70%-80%. At present, the preparation of hay has two methods of natural drying and human drying.
(1) Natural Drying Method
The process is divided into two phases. In the first stage, the plant is castrated and the water is reduced to 38%-40%. This stage is characterized by the fact that the plant has been cut, but the cells have not yet died, and the respiration continues. The chemical change at this time is that the decomposition is greater than the assimilation. Only when the water drops below 38%-40%, the cells die and the respiration stops. To reduce the loss of nutrients at this stage, we must try to reduce the water to 40% as soon as possible, so that the cells die early. The amount of nutrients in this stage is generally 5%-10%. In the second stage, the plants start to use the cell death to dry (the moisture content is about 14%-17%). The characteristic of this order is that the water in the plant is decomposed by the action of the enzyme in the cell. At the same time, it is also affected by the destruction of light and the influence of machinery and operation, resulting in the loss of nutrients. The main substances lost are digestible nutrients and vitamins. The amount of loss is related to the type of plant. The loss of legumes is often in grasses. The reason is that the legumes of the leguminous grass are thin, the stems are solid, the stems and leaves cannot be dried simultaneously, and the stems of grasses are hollow. Dry, and the blade adheres firmly and is not easy to fall off. The natural drying method is to prepare the hay by selecting sunny weather, spreading the mowing grass, laying it into thin strips, exposing it in sunlight, and flipping it every 2-4 hours. When the moisture is reduced by 40%, The small piles of grass are piled up or dried under a well-ventilated shade, and stored for future use. The determination of moisture during the preparation of green hay is essential. Sensory method is commonly used in production practice. Among them, the determination of 38%-40% moisture: take a bunch of sun-dried grass in the hand and twist it tightly. At this time, the straw can be twisted into a rope, but no drops are formed. 14%-17% moisture determination: take a bunch of hay close to the cheeks, do not feel cool, do not feel damp heat; or gently shake in the hands in the hay, you can hear the crisp rustling sound; It is brittle and loose, and the grass can't be loosened quickly. The moisture content of the grass is about 14%-17%. If the cheeks have a cool feeling, when they shake, they will hear the crisp rustling sound. After the scorpion, there is no elasticity, and the looseness is slow, indicating that the water content is more than 17%, and the water should continue to be reduced. The moisture of the green hay is too high to be stored; the loss of nutrients is too large and the quality of the green hay is reduced. So mastering the moisture content is the key to making green hay. The dried green hay should keep the color and integrity of the raw materials as much as possible, and strive to minimize the loss of nutrients.
(2) Artificial drying method
1. Low-temperature preparation method Place the barley grass in a small room at 40 °C - 505 °C for several hours to dry the grass, or dry the grass with hot air at 15 °C for 20-40 minutes to prepare green hay.
2. The high-temperature preparation method uses the hot air of 500 ° C - 1000 ° C to bake the grass for 6 to 10 seconds, and then the drying is completed, and the green hay is prepared.
Semi-dry silage
In recent years, European and American countries have adopted low-moisture silo, also known as half-small silage. The semi-small silage technology is a new method for preparing silage. The silage prepared by this method basically maintains the nutrient composition of the original feed, and the nutrient loss is 10%-15%. The legume forages such as alfalfa and clover which are difficult to be silage can obtain better silage effect. Taking the semi-dry silage of cockroaches as an example, the following is introduced.
(a) semi- mechanism
The principle of semi-dry silage is different from the principle of lactic acid fermentation silage. It is mainly when the planting tree is reduced by 40%-50%, the plant cell liquid becomes thicker, and the cytoplasmic osmotic pressure is increased, which can be as high as 50-60 atmospheres.
Under such conditions, the life activities of spoilage bacteria, butyric acid bacteria, and lactic acid bacteria are suppressed close to the physiological dry state, and it is impossible to reproduce. Fermentation cannot be carried out. Thereby the nutrients are preserved. Semi-dry silage retains more protein and vitamins than normal hay and silage, and less material loss. The quality of the silage is greatly improved.
(B) the preparation method of semi-dry silage
1. The harvesting period of the harvested carp is best with the bud period and the initial flowering period. In terms of moisture, the water content is best when harvested from 77% to 79%.
2, drying and drying is an important part of the preparation of semi-dry silage, because the moisture content is directly related to the success or failure of the modulation. The air content of the air-dried cockroaches should be collected immediately when it reaches 40% to 60%.
3, decoration Because semi-dry silage requires strict moisture content of raw materials, decoration must be rapid. When installing, it should be filled from one corner and two corners of the enamel. It should be laminated one by one, and it should not be used for half a thousand silage. It should not be installed for more than 48 hours.
4. After the seal is installed, cover the plastic film first, spread the wheat straw on the film, and finally cover it with 20 cm thick soil, and refurbish it at any time to prevent leakage and water ingress.
5, after 30 days of storage of the sputum paste, you can start sealing the feed. After opening the seal, care should be taken to protect the exposed surface to reduce moisture loss.
(3) Semi- use
The semi-dry silage can preserve more protein and carotene than the alfalfa hay, and the nutritional value is correspondingly increased. According to the measurement, the crude protein content of the semi-dry silage was 13.07%, and the haystack hay was 9.61%; the in vitro digestibility was 56%, and the latter was 50%. The content of carotene is 2.25 mg/100 g for barley; 2.09 mg/100 g for semi-dry silage; 1.37 mg/100 g for alfalfa hay, and 1.33 Mcal/kg dry for dry milk. Substance; hay is 1.20 Mcal/kg dry matter. Compared with the latter, the former increased the weight by 300 grams compared with the latter; the former increased the feed by 2.5g; the former saved 2.52 kg of feed; the feed cost was saved. 0.57 yuan. It is used to feed dairy cows, and the dry grass silage is more than 2.07 kilograms per day. The milk fat percentage is increased by 10.09 yuan per head, and the income is reduced by 0.89 yuan per head; the feed cost is reduced by 25%-30%.
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