(1) Monocrystalline silicon solar cells
The photoelectric conversion efficiency of single crystal silicon solar cells is about 15%, and the highest is 24%. This is the highest photoelectric conversion efficiency among all kinds of solar cells, but the production cost is so large that it cannot be widely used. Commonly used. Since monocrystalline silicon is generally encapsulated with tempered glass and waterproof resin, it is durable and has a service life of up to 15 years and up to 25 years.
(2) Polycrystalline silicon solar cells
The manufacturing process of polycrystalline silicon solar cells is similar to that of monocrystalline silicon solar cells, but the photoelectric conversion efficiency of polycrystalline silicon solar cells is much lower, and its photoelectric conversion efficiency is about 12% (July 1, 2004, Japan's Sharp listing efficiency is 14.8%. The world's most efficient polysilicon solar cell). In terms of production cost, it is cheaper than monocrystalline silicon solar cells, the material is simple to manufacture, saves power consumption, and the total production cost is low, so it has been greatly developed. In addition, the life of polycrystalline silicon solar cells is also shorter than that of monocrystalline silicon solar cells. In terms of performance and price ratio, monocrystalline silicon solar cells are slightly better.
(3) Amorphous silicon solar cells
Amorphous silicon solar cells are new thin film solar cells that appeared in 1976. They are completely different from single crystal silicon and polycrystalline silicon solar cells. The process is greatly simplified, silicon materials are consumed less, and power consumption is lower. The advantage is that it can generate electricity in low light conditions. However, the main problem of amorphous silicon solar cells is that the photoelectric conversion efficiency is low. At present, the international advanced level is about 10%, and it is not stable enough. As time goes by, the conversion efficiency is attenuated.
(4) Multi-component solar cells
A multi-component solar cell refers to a solar cell that is not made of a single element semiconductor material. Nowadays, there are many varieties of research in various countries, most of which have not been industrialized, mainly including the following: a) cadmium sulfide solar cells b) gallium arsenide solar cells c) copper indium selenide solar cells (new multi-band gap gradient Cu (In, Ga) )Se2 thin film solar cell)
Cu(In, Ga)Se2 is a kind of solar absorbing material with excellent performance. It has a multi-layer semiconductor material with gradient energy band gap (the energy level difference between conduction band and valence band), which can expand the solar absorption spectrum range and improve photoelectric conversion. effectiveness. Based on it, a thin film solar cell with a significantly higher photoelectric conversion efficiency than a silicon thin film solar cell can be designed. The photoelectric conversion rate that can be achieved is 18%. Moreover, such thin film solar cells have not been found to have a performance degradation effect (SWE) due to optical radiation, and the photoelectric conversion efficiency thereof is improved by about 50~ compared with the current commercial thin film solar panels. 75% is the world's highest level of photoelectric conversion efficiency in thin film solar cells.
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