Key points of soybean fertilization technology

Soybean demand for major nutrients. Soybeans have relatively high economic value in grain and oil crops. Although soybeans require more nitrogen, they can be nitrogen-fixed through root nodules, which can generally be obtained from the atmosphere by 5 to 7.5 kg/mu, which is about 40% to 60% of soybean nitrogen. For every 100 kg of soybeans produced, it is necessary to absorb 1.8 to 10.1 kg of nitrogen from the soil, 1.8 to 3 kg of phosphorus, and 2.9 to 3 kg of potassium. Soybeans absorb much more nutrients than rice, wheat and corn.


Soybean fertilizer absorption rules. Soybean growth and development are divided into seedling stage, branching stage, flowering stage, pod-forming stage, blast stage and maturity stage. The whole growth period is 90 to 130 days, and the law of absorption is: nitrogen absorption rate. The emergence and branching period accounted for 15% of the total nitrogen uptake during the whole growth period, 16.4% from the branching to the full bloom period, 28.3% from the flowering to the pod-forming period, and 24% in the blast period. Flowering to the blast stage is the peak period of soybean nitrogen uptake. Phosphorus absorption rate. From the seedling stage to the initial flowering stage, it accounts for 17%, from the initial flowering to the umbilical period, accounting for 70%, and the drumming to maturity period accounts for 13%. In the middle of soybean growth, phosphorus is most needed. Potassium absorption rate. Cumulative potassium absorption before flowering


43%, flowering to the granule period accounted for 39.5%, still need to absorb 17.2% of potassium from the granule to maturity. It can be seen that the flowering to the granule stage is the peak period of soybean dry matter accumulation and the peak period of absorbing nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients.


Technical points of fertilization of soybeans. Soybean fertilization system generally consists of base fertilizer, seed fertilizer and top dressing. The principle of fertilization is to ensure that soybeans have sufficient nutrients and to exert nitrogen fixation by rhizobium. Therefore, whether in the early or late stage of growth, nitrogen should not be excessive, so as not to affect the growth of rhizobium or cause lodging. On the other hand, it is also necessary to correct the kind of "soybean has no need for nitrogen fertilizer"


Error concept. Fertilization requires a reasonable combination of a large amount of elements of NPK and boron and molybdenum, and a combination of delayed and quick-acting fertilizers.


The application of organic fertilizers in base fertilizers is a key measure to increase soybean yield. In the field of rotation, organic fertilizer can be applied to the former grain crops, while soybeans use their aftereffects. Conducive to nodulation and nitrogen fixation, increase soybean yield. Planting soybeans on low-fertility soil can add 10 kg of superphosphate and potassium chloride as base fertilizer, which is good for increasing soybean yield.


The fertilizer generally uses 10 kg to 15 kg of superphosphate or 5 kg of diammonium phosphate as the seed fertilizer per acre, and the boron-deficient soil is added with borax 0.4 to 0.6 kg. Since soybean is a dicotyledonous crop, it is difficult to top the seed when the seed is emerged. The seed fertilizer is best applied to the lower part or the side of the seed. Do not allow the seed to directly contact with the fertilizer.


The practice of top dressing proves that in the soybean seedling stage, when the root has not formed nodules, or when the nodule activity is weak, the appropriate amount of nitrogen fertilizer can make the plant grow robustly, and it is necessary to apply a small amount of nitrogen fertilizer at the early flowering stage as appropriate. The amount of nitrogen fertilizer is generally 7.5 to 10 kg of urea applied per mu. In addition, the flowering period is 0.2% to 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate aqueous solution or calcium superphosphate water spray, which can increase the nitrogen content of the grain and increase the yield significantly; spraying 0.1% borax, copper sulfate and manganese sulfate at the flowering stage The aqueous solution can promote the fullness of the grain and increase the oil content of the soybean.


Source: New Rural Business Daily
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