First, the high-yield cultivation of watermelon in small arch shed
Watermelon is a fertile crop with short growth period, but it needs a large amount of fertilizer. The whole growth period absorbs the most potassium, followed by nitrogen and phosphorus. The absorption of NPK is different in different growth stages of watermelon.
1. Seedling stage. Watermelon from the true leaf to the true leaf stage (group period), about 30 days, this period of vegetative growth is small, less absorption of NPK, is the slow absorption stage of fertilizer.
2, the extension of the period. From the "group" to the first female flower, it takes about 15-20 days. The watermelon section is rapidly elongated, the leaf area is enlarged, the root system is basically formed, and the absorption capacity is enhanced. It is the progressive absorption stage of fertilizer and absorbs more nitrogen. Less potassium and less phosphorus.
3. The flowering result period. From the first flowering of the yew to the fruit ripening, about 30-40 days, this period is the vegetative growth and reproductive growth of the watermelon at the same time vigorously and gradually shift from vegetative growth to reproductive growth, which is the rapid absorption stage of the fertilizer. It is the peak of fertilizer requirement for watermelon. The absorption of NPK is about 85% of the total amount, and the most uptake during the expansion period is about 75%.
Second, small arch shed watermelon high-yield cultivation and fertilization technology
1. The principle of fertilization. (1) Organic fertilizer is the main factor, supplemented by chemical fertilizer. The addition of organic fertilizer can not only improve the soil structure, supply comprehensive nutrition, but also increase the sweetness of watermelon to improve the quality of watermelon. In particular, farmers have the best soil and fertilizer. (2) Apply nitrogen fertilizer, reapply potassium fertilizer, and apply micro-fertilizer. Nitrogen is an essential element for the growth of watermelon, but the amount of nitrogen applied is too much, stems and leaves are vigorously grown, stems are thick, leaves are enlarged, stems and leaves are overlapped, photosynthesis is weakened, vegetative growth and reproductive growth are imbalanced, resulting in poor fruit setting and affecting watermelon yield. Nitrogen should be used in an appropriate amount. Potassium is the most important element in watermelon life. Potassium can promote the transportation of photosynthetic products and improve the yield and quality of watermelon. Therefore, it is more important to increase the application of potassium fertilizer in watermelon. (3) According to the different growth stages and growth of watermelon, soil and climatic conditions, timely and appropriate fertilization.
2. Fertilization technology. (1) The application of base fertilizer generally accounts for 70% of the total fertilization amount of watermelon, mainly based on organic fertilizer, and is applied with appropriate fertilizer. Soil with thin soil and poor fertility, applying 5000-6000 kg of organic fertilizer per mu, 20 kg of urea, 20 kg of diammonium phosphate, 30 kg of potassium sulfate, soil above medium fertility, about 4 000 kg of organic fertilizer per mu. Urea 15 kg, diammonium phosphate 15 kg, potassium sulfate 25 kg. Organic fertilizer preparation, when the ploughing is 2/3, the application of sputum, 1/3 and commercial fertilizers are drenched into the pond and concentrated into the ridge. (2) Application of top dressing Watermelon topdressing should master the principle of light application of seedling fertilizer, skillful application of vine fertilizer, and application of expanded melon fertilizer.
1 Miao fertilizer: According to the growth of seedlings and soil conditions, the number of topdressing and topdressing can be determined. The soil is fertile, the amount of base fertilizer is large, the seedlings grow robustly, and they can not be chased, or topdressing once in 3-4 true leaves. Urea 10 kg; soil is thin, base fertilizer application is small, when the growth of melon seedlings is poor, topdressing 2 times, the first time in the second leaf stage, urea application 7-8 kg, the second time in the group period, urea application 10 kg.
2 stretching period: about 30 days after planting, when the vine grows to 70 cm, chasing 1 time to extend the vine fertilizer, generally accounting for 30% of the total amount of topdressing, mainly based on organic fertilizer, with appropriate fertilizer to promote plant growth and development. To make the melons form a larger group and lay a nutritional foundation for sitting melons. The specific method is that the outer side of the mulch is 25 cm from the root, the depth is about 30 cm, the width is 30 cm, the fertilization ditch, the fertilized high-quality shovel 2 000 kg, the urea 10 kg, the potassium sulphate 10 kg, the soil watering, the vine Fertilizer should be applied early, and the middle and late vines are generally no longer topdressed, so as to prevent the watermelon from growing too much, affecting the sitting melon.
3 Expanded melon period: The expanded melon period is the peak period of watermelon in the whole life, and it is also the key period of topdressing. The expanded melon fertilizer can promote fruit expansion and increase watermelon yield. Phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are mainly used, and nitrogen fertilizer is appropriately controlled. The dosage accounts for 50% of the total amount of topdressing and is applied twice. 4-5 days after Xiehua, the size of the fruit egg, 25 kg of potassium sulfate, 15 kg of diammonium phosphate, 5 kg of urea, 15 days after Xiehua, the size of the fruit bowl, chasing the 2nd expanded melon, per acre Apply 15-20 kg of diammonium phosphate, 10-15 kg of potassium sulfate, and apply water to the hole.
4 external top dressing In the late growth stage of watermelon, if there is browning and premature aging, the surface can be sprayed with 0.20%-0.30% potassium dihydrogen phosphate or 0.30%-0.40% fertilization to quickly supplement the nutrition.
Watermelon is a fertile crop with short growth period, but it needs a large amount of fertilizer. The whole growth period absorbs the most potassium, followed by nitrogen and phosphorus. The absorption of NPK is different in different growth stages of watermelon.
1. Seedling stage. Watermelon from the true leaf to the true leaf stage (group period), about 30 days, this period of vegetative growth is small, less absorption of NPK, is the slow absorption stage of fertilizer.
2, the extension of the period. From the "group" to the first female flower, it takes about 15-20 days. The watermelon section is rapidly elongated, the leaf area is enlarged, the root system is basically formed, and the absorption capacity is enhanced. It is the progressive absorption stage of fertilizer and absorbs more nitrogen. Less potassium and less phosphorus.
3. The flowering result period. From the first flowering of the yew to the fruit ripening, about 30-40 days, this period is the vegetative growth and reproductive growth of the watermelon at the same time vigorously and gradually shift from vegetative growth to reproductive growth, which is the rapid absorption stage of the fertilizer. It is the peak of fertilizer requirement for watermelon. The absorption of NPK is about 85% of the total amount, and the most uptake during the expansion period is about 75%.
Second, small arch shed watermelon high-yield cultivation and fertilization technology
1. The principle of fertilization. (1) Organic fertilizer is the main factor, supplemented by chemical fertilizer. The addition of organic fertilizer can not only improve the soil structure, supply comprehensive nutrition, but also increase the sweetness of watermelon to improve the quality of watermelon. In particular, farmers have the best soil and fertilizer. (2) Apply nitrogen fertilizer, reapply potassium fertilizer, and apply micro-fertilizer. Nitrogen is an essential element for the growth of watermelon, but the amount of nitrogen applied is too much, stems and leaves are vigorously grown, stems are thick, leaves are enlarged, stems and leaves are overlapped, photosynthesis is weakened, vegetative growth and reproductive growth are imbalanced, resulting in poor fruit setting and affecting watermelon yield. Nitrogen should be used in an appropriate amount. Potassium is the most important element in watermelon life. Potassium can promote the transportation of photosynthetic products and improve the yield and quality of watermelon. Therefore, it is more important to increase the application of potassium fertilizer in watermelon. (3) According to the different growth stages and growth of watermelon, soil and climatic conditions, timely and appropriate fertilization.
2. Fertilization technology. (1) The application of base fertilizer generally accounts for 70% of the total fertilization amount of watermelon, mainly based on organic fertilizer, and is applied with appropriate fertilizer. Soil with thin soil and poor fertility, applying 5000-6000 kg of organic fertilizer per mu, 20 kg of urea, 20 kg of diammonium phosphate, 30 kg of potassium sulfate, soil above medium fertility, about 4 000 kg of organic fertilizer per mu. Urea 15 kg, diammonium phosphate 15 kg, potassium sulfate 25 kg. Organic fertilizer preparation, when the ploughing is 2/3, the application of sputum, 1/3 and commercial fertilizers are drenched into the pond and concentrated into the ridge. (2) Application of top dressing Watermelon topdressing should master the principle of light application of seedling fertilizer, skillful application of vine fertilizer, and application of expanded melon fertilizer.
1 Miao fertilizer: According to the growth of seedlings and soil conditions, the number of topdressing and topdressing can be determined. The soil is fertile, the amount of base fertilizer is large, the seedlings grow robustly, and they can not be chased, or topdressing once in 3-4 true leaves. Urea 10 kg; soil is thin, base fertilizer application is small, when the growth of melon seedlings is poor, topdressing 2 times, the first time in the second leaf stage, urea application 7-8 kg, the second time in the group period, urea application 10 kg.
2 stretching period: about 30 days after planting, when the vine grows to 70 cm, chasing 1 time to extend the vine fertilizer, generally accounting for 30% of the total amount of topdressing, mainly based on organic fertilizer, with appropriate fertilizer to promote plant growth and development. To make the melons form a larger group and lay a nutritional foundation for sitting melons. The specific method is that the outer side of the mulch is 25 cm from the root, the depth is about 30 cm, the width is 30 cm, the fertilization ditch, the fertilized high-quality shovel 2 000 kg, the urea 10 kg, the potassium sulphate 10 kg, the soil watering, the vine Fertilizer should be applied early, and the middle and late vines are generally no longer topdressed, so as to prevent the watermelon from growing too much, affecting the sitting melon.
3 Expanded melon period: The expanded melon period is the peak period of watermelon in the whole life, and it is also the key period of topdressing. The expanded melon fertilizer can promote fruit expansion and increase watermelon yield. Phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are mainly used, and nitrogen fertilizer is appropriately controlled. The dosage accounts for 50% of the total amount of topdressing and is applied twice. 4-5 days after Xiehua, the size of the fruit egg, 25 kg of potassium sulfate, 15 kg of diammonium phosphate, 5 kg of urea, 15 days after Xiehua, the size of the fruit bowl, chasing the 2nd expanded melon, per acre Apply 15-20 kg of diammonium phosphate, 10-15 kg of potassium sulfate, and apply water to the hole.
4 external top dressing In the late growth stage of watermelon, if there is browning and premature aging, the surface can be sprayed with 0.20%-0.30% potassium dihydrogen phosphate or 0.30%-0.40% fertilization to quickly supplement the nutrition.
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