First, the danger of fire and explosion
(1) Causes of fire and explosion hazards
The causes of fire and explosion hazards in chemical plants are as follows, for example:
1. Caused by power cords or electrical equipment used in hot work.
(1) Arcing occurs due to short circuit, ungrounded, poor contact, etc.
(2) The circuit is overloaded and overheated.
(3) The heating appliance is improperly used.
(4) Overheating caused by accidents in non-heating appliances.
2. Caused by smoking, matches, lighters and exposed flames.
3. Mechanical shock, friction, and sparks from the grinder.
4. Caused by sparks caused by electric welding and gas welding.
5. Caused by naked fire.
6. Fireworks and exhaust pipe sparks.
7. Spontaneous combustion, such as tarpaulins, industrial waste, garbage, etc.
8. Caused by static electricity.
9. Caused by lightning.
(ii) Hazardous substances
The chemical plant stores a large number of hazardous substances and flammable substances with the following hazards:
1. Flammable gas.
2. Flammable liquid.
3. Waste quality.
4. Buildings and decorating materials.
5. Textiles.
6. Paper, plastic, paint.
7. Dust, etc.
(3) Places prone to fire and explosion hazards
The equipment and places where chemical plants are prone to fire and explosion hazards are as follows:
1. Pressure vessel.
2. Oil and oil and gas pipelines.
3. Pump.
4. Pot of smoke.
5. Oil-water separation tank.
6. Oil collection pit.
7. Electrical equipment.
8. Reactor.
9. Compressor room.
10. Ming and dark trench systems.
11. Filling site.
12. Oil tank and gas trough area.
13. Dust work place.
14. Packaging area.
15. Dangerous goods warehouse.
Second, prevent countermeasures
In order to prevent fires and explosions in chemical plants, the following fire and explosion protection management shall be adopted:
(1) Equipment safety distance
The hot work site should maintain an appropriate safety distance from the chemical plant equipment and oil tanks to prevent fires from igniting nearby equipment. If the safety distance is limited by the terrain or the environment, the safety distance can be increased. Explosion-proof walls or fixed water walls, water mist remediation to prevent sparks from moving fire to the process area.
(2) Division of dangerous places in factories
The factory area or oil tank area is divided into first and second dangerous places according to the degree of danger. Explosion-proof electrical equipment is used in dangerous places, and non-explosion-proof electrical equipment must be placed outside the dangerous place for safety. .
(3) Fire source control
Sparks generated by hot work may splash a distance of about 35 å‘Ž (about 12 meters), so it is necessary to maintain a proper safety distance with flammable or flammable liquids, and prohibit the discharge of oil or oil and gas near hot work. The grounding wire for the electric welding operation shall also be lapped on the welding work object as required to avoid the turbulent current igniting the oil or oil and gas leaking from the nearby pipeline.
(4) Management of dangerous goods
Many chemical plant fires, because of the hot working environment to store flammable materials, such as flammable liquids, flammable gases, paper, insulation materials, paints, wastes, etc., ignited by the sparks of hot work; Before the hot work, it must be cleaned up. As for the open and dark trench systems, oil-water separation tanks, oil pits, culverts, etc., it is also a place for oil and oil accumulation. Before the fire, it can be surrounded by metal plates and fireproof cloth. To prevent sparks from splashing and nearby dangerous goods, it is even possible to establish water wall fire protection.
(5) Replacement with inert gas
When a flammable liquid or gas is contained in a pipeline or container, it must be cleaned or washed with water, steam, nitrogen or carbon dioxide before the hot work, and the concentration of flammable gas contained in the pipeline is determined to be Only 20% of the lower explosion limit can be used. If someone inside the container enters the work, it should first replace the harmful gas inside the container with air, but it is forbidden to use nitrogen or carbon dioxide to drive to prevent people from suffocating oxygen.
(6) Establishing a safe work permit system
All kinds of hot or cold work must apply to the jurisdictional unit for the issuance of a safety work permit before the daily operation. After the equipment is safely handled, checked, and measured, the unit can confirm the safety condition before construction can ensure Personnel and equipment are safe. Construction is prohibited until the safety work permit is issued.
(Safety Management Network)
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