In the autumn and winter season, the cultivation of flower facilities became the protagonist, and the prevention and control of facilities, flowers, pests and diseases were also mentioned on the agenda. Compared with open field cultivation, facility cultivation has the characteristics of relatively closed environment, relatively good temperature and humidity regulation, etc. Therefore, facility flowers and insect pests also have their own unique prevention and treatment methods. Specifically, there are the following points.
First, strengthen plant quarantine. Choose disease-resistant or disease-resistant varieties and strictly select non-toxic breeding materials. In order to avoid seedlings bringing pests and diseases into the facility, strict quarantine of seedlings, seeds, scions, bulbs, etc. before planting, timely disinfection by means of seed dressing, soaking and so on, to ensure that the seedlings are free of pests and diseases.
Second, the use of biological control methods. Taking advantage of the facility's ability to seal, it actively uses biological methods such as releasing natural enemy insects and spraying beneficial bacteria to control pests and diseases. In the greenhouse, the release of beneficial insects such as Lily wasp and Chinese grasshopper can control greenhouse whitefly. When there is 1 to 2 heads of whitefly on the average flower, the density of the released bee is 2800 heads/mu, 7 days to 10 days, and the parasitism rate will reach 80%-90% after 2 consecutive times. In addition, attention should be paid to the protection of beneficial insects such as red ladybugs, Australian ladybugs, and golden bees.
Third, physical and mechanical control methods. Including killing, trapping, tactical utilization, temperature and humidity utilization and other measures.
Adults such as moths and chafers have phototaxis and can be trapped using black light. The mites are negatively inclined to silver, and some silver-gray plastic strips can be hung around the facility, and the mites will be far away, which can effectively reduce the infestation of mites. Aphids, whitefly, etc. tend to be yellow. You can place yellow or yellow utensils in the facility, apply yellow oil on the plate or pour water into the dish. When the aphids and white meal fly to the yellow plate or yellow utensils. It can be stuck or drowned. Larger pests can be killed by manual or simple mechanical means, such as artificially catching snails and cockroaches.
Fourth, chemical control. The use of chemical agents for control, the use of chemicals mostly using spray method, pouring method, fumigation method and smoke method.
Because the environment inside the facility is relatively closed, the humidity is large, and the surface of the plant often has dripping water. The spraying method is often not effective or susceptible to phytotoxicity. If there is a powder, it is best to use the powder spray method to apply the powder to the powder sprayer, usually in the evening, after sealing the shed, in order to exert the drug force.
For diseases such as gray mold and disease, it can be fumigated with 3% bismuth smog. The concentration is 0.5 g/m2. It can also be sterilized by dispersing it in the facility and closed for 24 hours. For the sucking or sucking pests, fumigant can be used, fumigation with methyl bromide, aluminum phosphide or 80% dichlorvos emulsion, using 2 mg to 4 mg of raw liquid per cubic meter, adding water 60 times to 80 times, evenly spraying on the ground around the potted flowers. Closed overnight, smoked once every 5 days to 6 days, even smoked three times.
For underground pests and soil-borne diseases, the soil can be treated comprehensively or partially according to the species of pests and diseases, and watering, splashing and other methods can be used for prevention and treatment.
5. Cultivation management techniques. The use of cultivation management techniques to reduce the occurrence of pests and diseases is the basis for the comprehensive management of pests, including the use of insect-resistant varieties, intercropping rotation, trapping treatment, reasonable flower layout, water and fertilizer management, and rational arrangement of harvesting and other horticultural measures.
Each pest has different requirements on temperature and humidity, and the advantages of relatively closed facilities and adjustable humidity can be utilized to create a small environment that is not conducive to the occurrence of pests and diseases. It is necessary to ventilate in time, improve the temperature and humidity in the facility, and try not to cause the leaves to condense. Generally, the temperature is between 20 ° C and 25 ° C, and the relative humidity of the air is 60% to 70%. It can be used without water droplets and can avoid the occurrence of various diseases and insect pests. However, leafhoppers and aphids are special, prefer a relatively dry environment, can be swelled at high temperatures before the occurrence of pests, and the humidity in the facility can be increased to more than 90%, which can also be effectively controlled.
First, strengthen plant quarantine. Choose disease-resistant or disease-resistant varieties and strictly select non-toxic breeding materials. In order to avoid seedlings bringing pests and diseases into the facility, strict quarantine of seedlings, seeds, scions, bulbs, etc. before planting, timely disinfection by means of seed dressing, soaking and so on, to ensure that the seedlings are free of pests and diseases.
Second, the use of biological control methods. Taking advantage of the facility's ability to seal, it actively uses biological methods such as releasing natural enemy insects and spraying beneficial bacteria to control pests and diseases. In the greenhouse, the release of beneficial insects such as Lily wasp and Chinese grasshopper can control greenhouse whitefly. When there is 1 to 2 heads of whitefly on the average flower, the density of the released bee is 2800 heads/mu, 7 days to 10 days, and the parasitism rate will reach 80%-90% after 2 consecutive times. In addition, attention should be paid to the protection of beneficial insects such as red ladybugs, Australian ladybugs, and golden bees.
Third, physical and mechanical control methods. Including killing, trapping, tactical utilization, temperature and humidity utilization and other measures.
Adults such as moths and chafers have phototaxis and can be trapped using black light. The mites are negatively inclined to silver, and some silver-gray plastic strips can be hung around the facility, and the mites will be far away, which can effectively reduce the infestation of mites. Aphids, whitefly, etc. tend to be yellow. You can place yellow or yellow utensils in the facility, apply yellow oil on the plate or pour water into the dish. When the aphids and white meal fly to the yellow plate or yellow utensils. It can be stuck or drowned. Larger pests can be killed by manual or simple mechanical means, such as artificially catching snails and cockroaches.
Fourth, chemical control. The use of chemical agents for control, the use of chemicals mostly using spray method, pouring method, fumigation method and smoke method.
Because the environment inside the facility is relatively closed, the humidity is large, and the surface of the plant often has dripping water. The spraying method is often not effective or susceptible to phytotoxicity. If there is a powder, it is best to use the powder spray method to apply the powder to the powder sprayer, usually in the evening, after sealing the shed, in order to exert the drug force.
For diseases such as gray mold and disease, it can be fumigated with 3% bismuth smog. The concentration is 0.5 g/m2. It can also be sterilized by dispersing it in the facility and closed for 24 hours. For the sucking or sucking pests, fumigant can be used, fumigation with methyl bromide, aluminum phosphide or 80% dichlorvos emulsion, using 2 mg to 4 mg of raw liquid per cubic meter, adding water 60 times to 80 times, evenly spraying on the ground around the potted flowers. Closed overnight, smoked once every 5 days to 6 days, even smoked three times.
For underground pests and soil-borne diseases, the soil can be treated comprehensively or partially according to the species of pests and diseases, and watering, splashing and other methods can be used for prevention and treatment.
5. Cultivation management techniques. The use of cultivation management techniques to reduce the occurrence of pests and diseases is the basis for the comprehensive management of pests, including the use of insect-resistant varieties, intercropping rotation, trapping treatment, reasonable flower layout, water and fertilizer management, and rational arrangement of harvesting and other horticultural measures.
Each pest has different requirements on temperature and humidity, and the advantages of relatively closed facilities and adjustable humidity can be utilized to create a small environment that is not conducive to the occurrence of pests and diseases. It is necessary to ventilate in time, improve the temperature and humidity in the facility, and try not to cause the leaves to condense. Generally, the temperature is between 20 ° C and 25 ° C, and the relative humidity of the air is 60% to 70%. It can be used without water droplets and can avoid the occurrence of various diseases and insect pests. However, leafhoppers and aphids are special, prefer a relatively dry environment, can be swelled at high temperatures before the occurrence of pests, and the humidity in the facility can be increased to more than 90%, which can also be effectively controlled.
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