First, adhere to policy guidance, establish an incentive mechanism, and give full play to the main role of enterprises in technological innovation. The “Eucheng District Enterprise Technology Innovation Incentive Measures†was formulated, which clarified the scope, targets, standards and quotas of enterprise technology innovation, and guided enterprises to increase R&D investment. The second is to increase investment to ensure that technology innovation funds are in place. In 2006, the district financed 800,000 yuan as a science and technology innovation incentive fund. Since 2007, the proportion of district-level science and technology funds to the same level of fiscal expenditure has increased to 1.5%. In addition to increasing financial input and exploring the “bank-enterprise cooperation†model, the region also requires enterprises to extract technology innovation funds according to 1.5% of sales, thereby building a diversified technology innovation investment system. The third is to strengthen the construction of scientific and technological talents to ensure that talent support is in place. Accelerate the pace of training of existing scientific and technological talents, increase the introduction of high-tech talents, and formulate the “Interim Measures for the Implementation of Government Grants for Scientific and Technological Personnel with Outstanding Contributions in Echeng District†to attract talents and retain talents. Use talents to stimulate the enthusiasm of science and technology personnel to participate in technological innovation. Fourth, the government has set up a bridge to implement joint innovation. The district actively assists enterprises to marry colleges and universities and research institutes to establish a technological innovation mechanism combining production, learning and research.
Under the guidance of the government, key key enterprises in the region have increased investment in research and development, and generally established technical research institutions, focusing on the training and introduction of technical personnel, vigorously developing new patented products, and introducing new patented technologies. At present, it has applied for 16 national patents, such as the “low-ratio copper powder redox process†of the Municipal New Materials Research Institute, the “diamond soft-grinding film†and the “high-purity ultra-thin large diameter†of Hubei Exin Diamond Materials Co., Ltd. "Graphite powder die-cast carbon sheet", Hubei Changli Superhard Materials Co., Ltd. "rare earth iron-rich carcass diamond composite material", etc., strive to have the independent intellectual property rights of the key enterprises of the region's key backbone enterprises, and enhance the core competitiveness of enterprises.
Valves are found in virtually every industrial process, including water and sewage processing, mining, power generation, processing of oil, gas and petroleum, food manufacturing, chemical and plastic manufacturing and many other fields.
People in developed nations use valves in their daily lives, including plumbing valves, such as taps for tap water, gas control valves on cookers, small valves fitted to washing machines and dishwashers, safety devices fitted to hot water systems, and poppet valves in car engines.
In nature there are valves, for example one-way valves in veins controlling the blood circulation, and heart valves controlling the flow of blood in the chambers of the heart and maintaining the correct pumping action.
Valves may be operated manually, either by a handle, lever, pedal or wheel. Valves may also be automatic, driven by changes in pressure, temperature, or flow. These changes may act upon a diaphragm or a piston which in turn activates the valve, examples of this type of valve found commonly are safety valves fitted to hot water systems or boilers.
More complex control systems using valves requiring automatic control based on an external input (i.e., regulating flow through a pipe to a changing set point) require an actuator. An actuator will stroke the valve depending on its input and set-up, allowing the valve to be positioned accurately, and allowing control over a variety of requirements.
Stop Valves, Ball Cock, Angle Valves, Gate Valves, Check Valves
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