I. Overview
(1) Machining accuracy and machining error
Machining accuracy refers to the degree to which the actual geometric parameters (size, shape, and position) of the part after machining are in accordance with the ideal geometric parameters. The actual machining cannot be done exactly the same as the ideal part. There will always be deviations of different sizes. The degree of deviation of the actual geometric parameters after machining the part from the ideal geometric parameters is called machining error.
(2) Processing economic accuracy
Since many factors affect the machining accuracy during the machining process, the accuracy of the same machining method under different working conditions is different. Any processing method, as long as careful operation, careful adjustment, and the selection of appropriate cutting parameters for processing, can greatly improve the processing accuracy, but this will reduce productivity and increase processing costs. The machining error δ is inversely proportional to the machining cost C. The economic accuracy of processing of a certain processing method should not be understood as a certain value, but should be understood as a range, which can be said to be economical.
(3) Original error
Machining process systems (referred to as process systems) consisting of machine tools, fixtures, tools and workpieces have various errors that can occur in a variety of different ways (or expanded) under various specific operating conditions. Or reduced) is reflected as the machining error of the workpiece.
The original error of the process system mainly includes the geometric error of the process system, the positioning error, the machining error caused by the mechanical deformation of the process system, the machining error caused by the thermal deformation of the process system, the deformation caused by the redistribution of the stress in the workpiece, and the principle error and adjustment. Error, measurement error, etc.
(4) Methods for studying the precision of machining - analytical calculation methods and statistical analysis methods.
Second, the process system collection error
(1) Geometric error of the machine tool
The forming motion of the tool relative to the workpiece during machining is generally done by the machine tool. Therefore, the machining accuracy of the workpiece depends to a large extent on the accuracy of the machine tool. Machine tool manufacturing errors have a great influence on the machining accuracy of the workpiece: spindle rotation error, guide rail error and drive chain error. The wear of the machine will reduce the accuracy of the machine.
Spindle rotation error
The machine tool spindle is the reference for clamping the workpiece or tool, and transmits the motion and power to the workpiece or tool. The spindle rotation error will directly affect the accuracy of the workpiece being machined.
The spindle rotation error refers to the amount of variation of the actual rotation axis of the spindle at each instant relative to its average rotation axis. It can be decomposed into three basic forms: radial circular runout, axial turbulence and angular swing.
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