With the popularity of CNC machine tools, thread milling technology is increasingly used in machinery manufacturing. Thread milling is a three-axis linkage of a CNC machine tool. The thread milling cutter is used for helical interpolation milling to form a thread. The tool moves in a circular motion every week on a horizontal plane, and a pitch is linearly moved in a vertical plane.
Thread milling has many advantages such as high machining efficiency, high thread quality, good tool versatility and good process safety. There are many kinds of thread milling tools currently used. This paper intends to introduce some common thread milling cutters from the perspectives of application characteristics, tool structure and machining technology.
1 ordinary machine clamp thread milling cutter
Machine-clamp thread milling cutters are the most common and inexpensive tool in thread milling. They are similar in construction to conventional machine-clamping cutters and consist of reusable toolholders and easily replaceable blades. If you need to machine the taper thread, you can also use the special arbor and blade for machining the taper thread. This blade has a plurality of thread cutting teeth. The tool can process a plurality of thread teeth once a week along the spiral line. A milling cutter with five 2mm thread cutting teeth can machine five thread threads with a thread depth of 10 mm by machining one cycle along the helix. In order to further improve the processing efficiency, a multi-blade machine-type thread milling cutter can be selected. By increasing the number of cutting edges, the feed rate can be significantly increased, but the radial and axial positioning errors between each of the blades distributed over the circumference can affect the accuracy of the threading. If you are not satisfied with the thread precision of the multi-blade machine thread milling cutter, you can also try to install only one blade. When selecting a machine-type thread milling cutter, the larger diameter shank (to increase the rigidity of the tool) and the appropriate blade material should be selected according to the diameter, depth and workpiece material of the thread to be machined. The threading depth of the machine-type thread milling cutter is determined by the effective cutting depth of the toolholder. Since the length of the blade is less than the effective depth of cut of the shank, layering is required when the depth of the machined thread is greater than the length of the blade.
2 Ordinary integral thread milling cutter
Integral thread milling cutters are mostly made of solid carbide materials, and some are also coated. The integral thread milling cutter is compact and suitable for machining medium and small diameter threads. It also has an integral thread milling cutter for machining taper threads. Such tools have good rigidity, especially the integral thread milling cutter with spiral groove, which can effectively reduce the cutting load and improve the processing efficiency when processing high hardness materials. The cutting edge of the integral thread milling cutter is covered with threaded teeth, and the whole thread processing can be completed by machining one thread along the spiral line. It does not need to be layered like a machine tool, so the processing efficiency is high, but the price is relatively expensive. .
3 integral thread milling cutter with chamfering function
The overall thread milling cutter with chamfering structure is similar to a normal integral thread milling cutter, but with a special chamfering edge at the root (or end) of the cutting edge, the thread end chamfer can be machined while machining the thread. . There are three ways to machine the chamfer. When the tool diameter is large enough, the chamfering blade can be used directly to chamfer the chamfer. This method is limited to machining the internal threaded hole chamfer. When the tool diameter is small, the chamfering blade can be used to machine the chamfer by circular motion. However, when chamfering is performed using the chamfering edge of the cutting edge, it should be noted that there should be a certain gap between the thread cutting portion of the tool and the thread to avoid interference. If the thread depth of the machining is less than the effective cutting length of the tool, the tool will not be able to achieve the chamfering function, so the tool should be selected to match the effective cutting length and the thread depth.
4 thread drill cutter
The thread drilling and milling cutter is made of solid carbide and is a high-efficiency machining tool for medium and small diameter internal threads. The thread drilling cutter can complete the drilling of the bottom hole, the hole chamfering and the internal thread machining at one time, reducing the number of tools used. However, the disadvantage of this type of tool is its poor versatility and its high price. The tool consists of a drilled portion of the head, a threaded portion in the middle, and a chamfered blade at the root of the cutting edge. The diameter of the drilled part is the bottom diameter of the thread that the tool can machine. Due to the limitation of the diameter of the drilled part, a thread drilling and milling cutter can only process one thread of internal thread. When selecting a thread drilling and milling cutter, not only the threaded hole size to be machined, but also the effective machining length of the tool and the depth of the machined hole should be considered. Otherwise, the chamfering function cannot be realized.
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