Chemical herbicides are very popular among farmers and their development is particularly fast. However, the technical use is very strong, and if there is a slight inadvertent application, there will be problems such as phytotoxicity and poor weeding effect. To use the herbicide well, you must master the following points.
1. Select herbicides based on crops and their field weeds
(1) First, we must figure out which herbicides can only be used in crops. For example, bensulfuron-methyl, benzoxazole and chlorpyrifos (trade name Hummer) have good effects in controlling broad-leaved weeds and grass weeds in wheat fields, and are safe for wheat. If used in rapeseed or cowpea, they will kill. crop. Another example is flurazepam (commodity name stable kill), quizalofop (commodity name grass) can only be used in broadleaf crops such as rape, peanuts, soybeans, etc., if used in wheat fields, it will also cause phytotoxicity. .
(2) To find out what weeds in the field, choose herbicides according to the main weeds. Like rice field herbicides, enemy scorpion and He Da Zhuang can only remove valerian, bensulfuron-methyl can kill sedge and broadleaf weeds, and B. benzyl can prevent grass, sedge and broadleaf grass.
(3) Mix and alternate herbicides. Since the same herbicide has been used continuously for many years, it is easy to cause the sensitive weeds to gradually decrease, and the resistance-resistant weeds rise. Therefore, the herbicides should be mixed and used alternately during the year to achieve the long-term control of grass damage.
2, choose the best time to apply drugs
Depending on the nature of the herbicide, the period of weed occurrence, the weeds and the growth period of the crop, the duration of the drug is selected.
(1) Soil treatment. This method is to spray the herbicide directly on the soil surface to kill the newly germinated weeds. For example, metolachlor (trade name dul), acetochlor, etc. should be used before the weeds are unearthed after crop sowing. When the weeds are used after emergence, not only the effect is poor, but also the crops are damaged. According to the plant protection station test, acetochlor is used in rapeseed field, and the herbicide effect is 3-4 days after transplanting. The herbicidal effect can reach 85%, and the herbicidal effect is only about 70% after 8 days of transplanting.
(2), stem and leaf treatment in the seedling stage. Seedling stem and leaf treatment herbicides should be used in the sensitive stage of weeds (before the two-leaf stage) and when the crops are more resistant (after two leaves and one heart). For example, chemical herbicides in wheat field seedlings are used in most grass weeds from the needle-to-two-leaf stage and broad-leaved weeds before the second-leaf stage. For example, when the paddy field is dominated by alfalfa, cattle felt, and dwarf sage, weeding should be applied 4-6 days after planting (weed stage of weeding); if it is important to prevent weeds such as oyster vegetables and Tianziping, we planted After 10-15 days (weeds are basically out), it is advisable to apply.
(3) Note that the efficacy of some herbicides is affected by light, temperature, and soil moisture. Such as glyphosate (Roundup), MCPA, propanil when strong sunlight and other high efficacy, it should choose sunny administration as well; such as chlorotoluron, dicamba (trade name dicamba) or the like Temperature The herbicidal effect below 5oC is poor, and it should be avoided before and after the cold wave; such as isoproturon, acetochlor, chloromeron, etc., when the soil moisture is high, the herbicidal effect is good. If the soil is dry, it should be applied first or after rainfall.
3, master the amount of medication
Each herbicide has a suitable dosage. Within this dosage range, it can be used less, saving investment, killing weeds without harming crops, and reducing environmental pollution. The amount of drug used depends on the type of weeds in the field. Generally, the amount of sensitive weeds is less, and the amount of weeds with strong resistance is more. For example, when 75% of bensulfuron-methyl (trade name superstar) is used to control the wheat field, 0.7g per 667m2, the control effect can reach more than 90%, and other broad-leaved weeds such as piglets are used. 1.25g effect is good. In addition, soil viscosity, high organic matter content, and high weed density may increase the dosage as appropriate.
4. Improve the quality of pharmaceutical preparation and application technology
(1), on the water. For wettable powder, first adjust the pre-weighed agent into a paste with a small amount of water, then pour it into the sprayer, and then add enough water to be added. If you look at the medicine poured into a large amount of water, often floating on the water or form a small, unevenly distributed, easily blocked orifice spray. If the dosage is particularly small (about 1 g / 667 m2), the agent should be added with a small amount of water to form a mother liquid, and then put into a sprayer, and then diluted with water to dilute to the required concentration. For liquid herbicides, a certain amount of water should be added to the sprayer, then the added amount should be added, and then the amount of water to be added should be injected and stirred while stirring. Water was added after the first pour avoid agent so that the agent readily deposited on the suction pipe of the sprayer, the high-concentration liquid first discharged, liable to cause phytotoxicity, low concentration after discharged liquid, the herbicidal effect is poor. In addition, the liquid should be prepared with clean water. For example, when glyphosate (Nongda) is added to turbid water, the agent is easily adsorbed and deactivated by the soil, thereby reducing the efficacy.
(2), mixed with soil. Mix 667m2 with 20-30kg of moist fine soil. Mix the powder with a small amount of fine soil and mix well with the remaining fine soil. The liquid agent is first diluted with a small amount of water, sprayed on the prepared fine soil with a sprayer, and sprayed while being sprayed. Mixing soil with good medicine clenched the rope, the withdrawal was open appropriate.
(3), water consumption. According to the survey, many farmers every 667m2 of water only 15-22kg, because less water when spraying faster pace, causing the leak spray, affect the overall effect of weeding. Under normal circumstances, the water consumption of the herbicide should be appropriately higher to maintain a good control effect. The water consumption per 667m2 is generally 30-45kg.
(4), matters needing attention. The speed of the hand sprayer, the speed of walking, and the height of the nozzle should be basically the same; the width of each spray should be the same, avoiding heavy spray and leakage; pay attention not to drift to other crops when spraying; soil treatment After the herbicide (acetochlor, grass dandan) is applied, the drug layer is formed on the soil surface. Do not cultivate within 1-2 weeks after application. The damage of the drug layer should affect the herbicidal effect; the rice field should be 3-5cm. Shallow water layer, this is the key to the uniform spread of the medicament in the rice field and the effect of the drug. It needs to be kept for 5-7 days without irrigating. If the water is too shallow after the medicine, it can be slowly irrigated.
1. Select herbicides based on crops and their field weeds
(1) First, we must figure out which herbicides can only be used in crops. For example, bensulfuron-methyl, benzoxazole and chlorpyrifos (trade name Hummer) have good effects in controlling broad-leaved weeds and grass weeds in wheat fields, and are safe for wheat. If used in rapeseed or cowpea, they will kill. crop. Another example is flurazepam (commodity name stable kill), quizalofop (commodity name grass) can only be used in broadleaf crops such as rape, peanuts, soybeans, etc., if used in wheat fields, it will also cause phytotoxicity. .
(2) To find out what weeds in the field, choose herbicides according to the main weeds. Like rice field herbicides, enemy scorpion and He Da Zhuang can only remove valerian, bensulfuron-methyl can kill sedge and broadleaf weeds, and B. benzyl can prevent grass, sedge and broadleaf grass.
(3) Mix and alternate herbicides. Since the same herbicide has been used continuously for many years, it is easy to cause the sensitive weeds to gradually decrease, and the resistance-resistant weeds rise. Therefore, the herbicides should be mixed and used alternately during the year to achieve the long-term control of grass damage.
2, choose the best time to apply drugs
Depending on the nature of the herbicide, the period of weed occurrence, the weeds and the growth period of the crop, the duration of the drug is selected.
(1) Soil treatment. This method is to spray the herbicide directly on the soil surface to kill the newly germinated weeds. For example, metolachlor (trade name dul), acetochlor, etc. should be used before the weeds are unearthed after crop sowing. When the weeds are used after emergence, not only the effect is poor, but also the crops are damaged. According to the plant protection station test, acetochlor is used in rapeseed field, and the herbicide effect is 3-4 days after transplanting. The herbicidal effect can reach 85%, and the herbicidal effect is only about 70% after 8 days of transplanting.
(2), stem and leaf treatment in the seedling stage. Seedling stem and leaf treatment herbicides should be used in the sensitive stage of weeds (before the two-leaf stage) and when the crops are more resistant (after two leaves and one heart). For example, chemical herbicides in wheat field seedlings are used in most grass weeds from the needle-to-two-leaf stage and broad-leaved weeds before the second-leaf stage. For example, when the paddy field is dominated by alfalfa, cattle felt, and dwarf sage, weeding should be applied 4-6 days after planting (weed stage of weeding); if it is important to prevent weeds such as oyster vegetables and Tianziping, we planted After 10-15 days (weeds are basically out), it is advisable to apply.
(3) Note that the efficacy of some herbicides is affected by light, temperature, and soil moisture. Such as glyphosate (Roundup), MCPA, propanil when strong sunlight and other high efficacy, it should choose sunny administration as well; such as chlorotoluron, dicamba (trade name dicamba) or the like Temperature The herbicidal effect below 5oC is poor, and it should be avoided before and after the cold wave; such as isoproturon, acetochlor, chloromeron, etc., when the soil moisture is high, the herbicidal effect is good. If the soil is dry, it should be applied first or after rainfall.
3, master the amount of medication
Each herbicide has a suitable dosage. Within this dosage range, it can be used less, saving investment, killing weeds without harming crops, and reducing environmental pollution. The amount of drug used depends on the type of weeds in the field. Generally, the amount of sensitive weeds is less, and the amount of weeds with strong resistance is more. For example, when 75% of bensulfuron-methyl (trade name superstar) is used to control the wheat field, 0.7g per 667m2, the control effect can reach more than 90%, and other broad-leaved weeds such as piglets are used. 1.25g effect is good. In addition, soil viscosity, high organic matter content, and high weed density may increase the dosage as appropriate.
4. Improve the quality of pharmaceutical preparation and application technology
(1), on the water. For wettable powder, first adjust the pre-weighed agent into a paste with a small amount of water, then pour it into the sprayer, and then add enough water to be added. If you look at the medicine poured into a large amount of water, often floating on the water or form a small, unevenly distributed, easily blocked orifice spray. If the dosage is particularly small (about 1 g / 667 m2), the agent should be added with a small amount of water to form a mother liquid, and then put into a sprayer, and then diluted with water to dilute to the required concentration. For liquid herbicides, a certain amount of water should be added to the sprayer, then the added amount should be added, and then the amount of water to be added should be injected and stirred while stirring. Water was added after the first pour avoid agent so that the agent readily deposited on the suction pipe of the sprayer, the high-concentration liquid first discharged, liable to cause phytotoxicity, low concentration after discharged liquid, the herbicidal effect is poor. In addition, the liquid should be prepared with clean water. For example, when glyphosate (Nongda) is added to turbid water, the agent is easily adsorbed and deactivated by the soil, thereby reducing the efficacy.
(2), mixed with soil. Mix 667m2 with 20-30kg of moist fine soil. Mix the powder with a small amount of fine soil and mix well with the remaining fine soil. The liquid agent is first diluted with a small amount of water, sprayed on the prepared fine soil with a sprayer, and sprayed while being sprayed. Mixing soil with good medicine clenched the rope, the withdrawal was open appropriate.
(3), water consumption. According to the survey, many farmers every 667m2 of water only 15-22kg, because less water when spraying faster pace, causing the leak spray, affect the overall effect of weeding. Under normal circumstances, the water consumption of the herbicide should be appropriately higher to maintain a good control effect. The water consumption per 667m2 is generally 30-45kg.
(4), matters needing attention. The speed of the hand sprayer, the speed of walking, and the height of the nozzle should be basically the same; the width of each spray should be the same, avoiding heavy spray and leakage; pay attention not to drift to other crops when spraying; soil treatment After the herbicide (acetochlor, grass dandan) is applied, the drug layer is formed on the soil surface. Do not cultivate within 1-2 weeks after application. The damage of the drug layer should affect the herbicidal effect; the rice field should be 3-5cm. Shallow water layer, this is the key to the uniform spread of the medicament in the rice field and the effect of the drug. It needs to be kept for 5-7 days without irrigating. If the water is too shallow after the medicine, it can be slowly irrigated.
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