Kiwifruit is a fruit with high nutritional value and is rich in vitamins. Pollination is an important part of the process of planting kiwifruit. The following is a small series to introduce the time, temperature and method of kiwi pollination.
Kiwi pollination time
Pollinate in time when the female flower is open. Pollination should be carried out before the male and female flowers begin to dry. The pollen of the male flower will lose its activity after drying, and the female flower stigma is more conducive to pollination when wet. During this period, the pruning of the branches should be lightly cut, and the tip of the rolled and long branches should be removed. The new branches pulled out beside the result branches can be cut off in the winter as the result of the next year.
Kiwi pollination temperature
Temperature is the main factor limiting the distribution and growth of kiwifruit. Each species has a suitable temperature range beyond which growth is poor or unable to survive.
Most species of kiwifruit require a warm and humid climate, ie subtropical or temperate humid and semi-humid climate, mainly distributed in the vast area of ​​18-34 degrees north latitude, the annual average temperature is about 11.3-16.9 ° C, the extreme maximum temperature is 42.6 ° C, the extreme minimum temperature At about 20.3 ° C, the effective accumulated temperature above 10 ° C is 4500-5200 ° C, and the frost-free period is 160-270 days.
The temperature requirements of the kiwifruit population are not very consistent. For example, the Chinese kiwifruit grows well at an average annual temperature of 4-20 °C, while the delicious kiwifruit is most widely distributed in the range of 13-18 °C.
The growth and development stage of kiwifruit is also affected by temperature. Studies have shown that when the temperature rises to about 10 °C, the young buds start to sprout, and when it is above 15 °C, it can bloom. When the temperature is above 20 °C, the temperature drops to about 12 °C. At the time of entering the deciduous dormancy period, the whole development process takes about 210-240 days, during which the daily temperature cannot be lower than 10-12 °C.
Kiwifruit pollination method
Insect pollination
There are many insects that can be used to pollinate kiwi, including wild bumblebees, bumblebees, bees, bumblebees, wall bees, etc., but most mainly rely on bees to pollinate. When about 10% of the female flowers in the kiwifruit garden are open, move the beehives into the orchard and place them in a sunny place in the garden. Since the female flowers and male flowers of kiwifruit do not have nectaries, the attraction to bees is not great, so the amount of bees is large. There should be 1 box of bees per two acres of garden, and no less than 30,000 heads per box. In order to enhance the vitality of the bees, each box of bees is fed 1 liter of 50% syrup once every two days. Note that plants in the garden and in the orchard cannot be left with the same flowering period as the kiwi (such as Qinling locust, persimmon), and the clover or scorpion in the garden should be castrated one time before the bee enters the garden.
However, bee pollination also has shortcomings, that is, when encountering low temperature and rainy weather, the number of bee activities is small, which affects the quality of pollination. At this time, artificial pollination must be carried out.
2. Artificial pollination
1 Collect pollen. Pick the semi-open male flowers, remove the anthers with a toothbrush, tweezers, scissors, etc., or use a special mechanical powder collector to collect the male flower pollen.
2 powder removal. Spread the anther on the paper, put it in the incubator, keep it at 25-28 °C, place it for 20-24 hours, until the pollen is scattered; you can also put the anther on the table and hang 60-100 at the top 100 cm The tile's light bulb is irradiated to remove powder; or the anther is covered with a layer of newspaper and placed in the sun to remove powder. The scattered pollen was sieved out with a fine mesh of 100-120 mesh and placed in a dry glass bottle.
3 pollen storage. Pure pollen can be stored in domestic refrigerators at 5 ° C for more than 10 days, and can be stored in sealed containers at -20 ° C for 1-2 years. The pollination rate of pollen can be up to 100% when stored under dry conditions for 5 days at room temperature. Generally, the pollination effect is best when stored for 24-48 hours.
4 artificial pollination method. There are five main types. One is to use a brush to teach: use the brush to pollen the pollen on the head of the female flower. The second is to pollinate with a syringe: dilute the pollen with talc or crushed anther shell 5-10 times, put it into the thick needle, cut off the part of the needle in front, and use the pollen on the pistil one by one, after the pollen is reduced Push the lower push handle up. The third is to use the Wahaha bottle to pollinate: Put the pollen mixture into the Wahaha bottle, insert a 1 detail venting plastic tube into the bottle, and press the bottle to generate airflow to blow the pollen to each stigma. The fourth is to pollinate with a drumstick sample: use a 50 cm long thin stick, use a cotton cloth to tie a cotton drumstick at the top of the stick, and pollinate the female flower with a pollen. The fifth is to pollinate with a duster: the pollen is diluted 50 times (by weight) with talcum powder and sprayed with an electric duster. Pollination was performed once for each 30%, 60%, and 80% of female flowers.
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