Relevant data show that the amount of fertilizer per unit area in China has reached 1.6 times the world average, and it has become the world's largest fertilizer consumption and production. However, China's grain yield increase and chemical fertilizer application rate have not been synchronized, and the benefits of fertilizer production increase have declined. Statistics show that in the past ten years, the application rate of chemical fertilizers in China has nearly doubled, while the grain production has increased by only 9.1%. The effective utilization rate of fertilizers applied in farmland, except for potassium fertilizers of 40%-60%, nitrogen fertilizer is only about 30%. Phosphate fertilizer is more than 25%. The reason is mainly due to insufficient understanding and improper measures. From the current situation, in the fertilization of farmland, the following misunderstandings must be taken out as soon as possible:
First, to avoid the excessive effect of excessive application of phosphorus fertilizer phosphorus in successive years. Since the 1960s, the phosphate fertilizer has been applied in many places, and the soil has accumulated more. However, many areas still use a large amount of phosphate fertilizer in the past years, which is not only wasteful, but also causes a significant decrease in the effective utilization rate of phosphate fertilizer, and may also bring about adverse side effects. Since excessive phosphorus combines with zinc to form insoluble zinc phosphate, the soil is effectively deficient in zinc, causing zinc deficiency in crops. All localities should be based on the historical situation of local application of phosphate fertilizer and the actual needs of crops, pay attention to the appropriate amount of phosphorus application in the next year or every other interval.
Second, distinguishing crops from sulfur and nitrogen deficiency. The red loam soil in southern China has low sulfur content. Under the condition of partial application of nitrogen fertilizer, the phenomenon of nitrogen and sulfur imbalance and crop sulfur deficiency has become quite common. Once the crop is deficient in sulfur, its performance is very similar to that of nitrogen deficiency. The two are extremely confusing and must be carefully identified. Generally speaking, the chlorosis caused by sulfur deficiency in crops occurs mostly in the pre-growth stage and starts from the top young leaves; while nitrogen deficiency can occur in all stages, and the basal foot leaves first yellow. In addition, sulfur deficiency will delay the flowering and fruiting of the crop; nitrogen deficiency will make the crop mature early. Therefore, we must pay attention to the strict distinction, carefully take appropriate countermeasures, "sickness and fat", and accurately invest in order to prevent mistakes.
Third, do not overly superstitious micro-fertilizer trace elements, mainly involved in the metabolism of crop organisms, moderate application, can promote the normal birth of crops, improve product quality. However, its application has strict selectivity, lack of targeted random application, not only will be half-time or even completely ineffective, and sometimes it will produce adverse side effects, especially manganese, copper, etc., excessive accumulation, more likely to cause crop poisoning. Only in the soil lacking trace elements, for some crops that need certain trace elements, the appropriate amount of micro-fertilizer can be applied to achieve the desired effect. According to the relevant census data, the southern acid red loam mainly lacks boron and molybdenum, and the rest is relatively rich, and the effectiveness is also high. Generally, it is not lacking. The production should be determined by soil testing formula and strictly selected.
First, to avoid the excessive effect of excessive application of phosphorus fertilizer phosphorus in successive years. Since the 1960s, the phosphate fertilizer has been applied in many places, and the soil has accumulated more. However, many areas still use a large amount of phosphate fertilizer in the past years, which is not only wasteful, but also causes a significant decrease in the effective utilization rate of phosphate fertilizer, and may also bring about adverse side effects. Since excessive phosphorus combines with zinc to form insoluble zinc phosphate, the soil is effectively deficient in zinc, causing zinc deficiency in crops. All localities should be based on the historical situation of local application of phosphate fertilizer and the actual needs of crops, pay attention to the appropriate amount of phosphorus application in the next year or every other interval.
Second, distinguishing crops from sulfur and nitrogen deficiency. The red loam soil in southern China has low sulfur content. Under the condition of partial application of nitrogen fertilizer, the phenomenon of nitrogen and sulfur imbalance and crop sulfur deficiency has become quite common. Once the crop is deficient in sulfur, its performance is very similar to that of nitrogen deficiency. The two are extremely confusing and must be carefully identified. Generally speaking, the chlorosis caused by sulfur deficiency in crops occurs mostly in the pre-growth stage and starts from the top young leaves; while nitrogen deficiency can occur in all stages, and the basal foot leaves first yellow. In addition, sulfur deficiency will delay the flowering and fruiting of the crop; nitrogen deficiency will make the crop mature early. Therefore, we must pay attention to the strict distinction, carefully take appropriate countermeasures, "sickness and fat", and accurately invest in order to prevent mistakes.
Third, do not overly superstitious micro-fertilizer trace elements, mainly involved in the metabolism of crop organisms, moderate application, can promote the normal birth of crops, improve product quality. However, its application has strict selectivity, lack of targeted random application, not only will be half-time or even completely ineffective, and sometimes it will produce adverse side effects, especially manganese, copper, etc., excessive accumulation, more likely to cause crop poisoning. Only in the soil lacking trace elements, for some crops that need certain trace elements, the appropriate amount of micro-fertilizer can be applied to achieve the desired effect. According to the relevant census data, the southern acid red loam mainly lacks boron and molybdenum, and the rest is relatively rich, and the effectiveness is also high. Generally, it is not lacking. The production should be determined by soil testing formula and strictly selected.
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