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The invisibility cloak in Harry Potter may become a reality after continuous advances in metamaterial research
According to the report of the Physicist Organization Network, the Netherlands Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics and the University of Pennsylvania scientists collaborated to create a new material consisting of stacked silver and silicon nitride nanolayers that can give the near-endless visible light wavelength. The material is expected to show itself in new optical components, optical lines and other fields, and it can also be used to design more efficient light emitting diodes. The related papers were published in the journal Nature Photonics published on the 13th.
The phase velocity and the burst speed of light control the propagation of light in a medium. The phase velocity determines the movement of peaks and troughs in the medium, and the wave group velocity describes the propagation of energy. According to Einstein's theory, the propagation of light energy will never be faster than the speed of light. Therefore, although the phase velocity is not physically limited, the wave group velocity is limited. When the phase velocity becomes zero, the movement of the peaks and troughs disappears. At this time, the wavelength is regarded as a maximum value close to infinity. However, there is no material of this nature in nature.
The researchers explained that the way light travels in the medium depends on the dielectric constant of the dielectric material, ie its resistance to the light wave electric field. The near-zero material (ENZ, a material with a dielectric constant near zero) has a unique property in which light propagates in it with little phase advance. Although there are currently man-made materials for microwave and far-infrared spectroscopy, blocky three-dimensional ENZ materials in the visible light range are still difficult to obtain.
To fabricate this material, the team used precision-aligned stacked silver and silicon nitride nano-thin layers that made the light energy passing through them “feel†the optical properties of the two materials. They used focused ion beam milling technology to achieve nano-scale control of the material structure. Since the dielectric constant of silver is negligible, and the dielectric constant of silicon nitride is positive, the combined permittivity of the two is practically equal to zero, and the impedance seen by light also looks like zero and can be infinitely phased. The speed of propagation, the wavelength of light is also almost unlimited.
The specially constructed interferometer shows that when the light travels through this material, its phase does not change significantly relative to an almost infinite wavelength. By changing the geometry of the material, the range applicable to the entire visible spectrum can also be adjusted. The researchers pointed out that this new material is expected to play a major role in the new microwave/nano optical components, such as transmission enhancement, wavefront modeling, control of self-emission and super-radiation.
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