Abstract Is the industry undergoing profound changes a threat or an opportunity for us? It turns out that from the moment it occurs, although traditional manufacturing will remain in the market, their founders will certainly be during the industrial revolution. Change their complete organization, process...
Is the industry undergoing profound changes a threat or an opportunity for us? It turns out that from the moment it occurs, although the traditional manufacturing industry will remain in the market, their founders will certainly change during the industrial revolution. Their complete organization, processes and functions. At the same time, competitors adopting new business models will also appear in the market. The success of the Internet and mobile phones is not only because they are new, but more importantly, the social transformation that follows.
Output: Personalization, local production and mass customization
Industry 4.0 will bring more freedom and flexibility to the production process, so it can be customized for a single customer at a lower marginal cost. If the product-related data can be uploaded, then localized production can be carried out. If the distribution process and workmanship of the spare parts are not complicated, the goods required by the customer will become easier to manufacture.
The development of 3D printers is undoubtedly the key to the above production methods. In 2012, the market size of 3D printers and related services was 1.6 billion euros, which is estimated to reach 4.4 billion euros by 2017. Which countries are more suitable as production and manufacturing bases in the future will become a rethinking issue for enterprises.
Process: Networked Manufacturing and Dynamic Clustering
Companies use a variety of skills to build many branches in different regions of their own country, and bringing together suppliers in these regions is conducive to brainstorming and forming dynamic clusters. At the same time, as the boundaries between the virtual and real world become increasingly blurred, the entry barrier for small or more specialized companies will be reduced.
In some regions, the distribution of rights between multinational corporations and SMEs may change. This approach can lead to “non-fixed manufacturing unitsâ€: small autonomous manufacturing units can form local aggregates in some countries, and can be aggregated to produce products locally without building a complete factory. This kind of game rules will change the phenomenon of foreign investment caused by the emergence of emerging markets and local demand.
Business model: broken industry chain
In the intricate network manufacturing environment, the roles of designers, product suppliers, and contractors change. The first step is the fragmentation of the value chain. As costs and profits continue to rise, business leaders rethink and reshape the value chain to face new challenges.
Where is the future high profit? Design philosophy, process control or customer data expertise? According to the "long tail" theory, we can infer that new business models are likely to be created from the Internet.
Competition: domain convergence
The boundaries of traditional industrial fields are increasingly blurred, and this boundary mainly refers to the boundary between industrial and non-industrial applications. Looking ahead, the focus will be on working methods, including the reproducibility of the same products and services.
Among them, high-quality digital (outsourcing) services and infrastructure with fail-safe and digital functions will be a prerequisite for the success of Industry 4.0.
Moreover, there will be a close connection between IT/telecom companies and traditional manufacturing companies. The former is likely to become a new industry leader in certain situations. For example, Facebook officially entered the field of drones, and Internet giant Google also officially entered the field of biotechnology, and is studying new ways to delay aging.
In the industry 4.0 era, supplier levels/priorities may change. Today, machine and tool suppliers are getting the most out of their industry customers, but in the world of the Internet, these suppliers will lose their current status. The status of sensors, IT and software will increase in the era of Industry 4.0, and the status of companies that produce machines and tools will decline.
Skills: Interdisciplinary thinking is key
The leading technology in the era of Industry 4.0 must be IT, electronic and robotics, but it also accepts knowledge in other fields such as biotechnology and nanotechnology. All companies in the Industrial 4.0 era must upgrade their social and technological skills.
The concept of design alternative production will become a major trend. Corporate culture and lifelong learning for continuous training and development will become a core competency. A large amount of collaboration and cross-cultural communication skills are required in a sustainable network work environment. Therefore, the formation of technological capabilities must go through T-shaped and interdisciplinary forms, rather than specialized forms. Analytical experts, engineers, and programmers must constantly think about changing patterns in business models, manufacturing processes, mechanical technologies, and data programs.
Globalization: illuminating the footprint
Future business organizations will focus on selecting key areas to participate rather than becoming a fully integrated organization. Open manufacturing bases and clusters will emerge. The company will no longer need to maintain a huge production base, and it may be cheaper to use transmission data for local small-scale production. This will create a more distributed and flexible organization.
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