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The official website of the University of Houston announced on the 19th that researchers from the university and its counterparts from the California Institute of Technology have discovered a new type of composite catalyst that can efficiently decompose water into hydrogen. The hydrogen production efficiency of water has reached a practical level, and the cost is low. Poisoning is expected to overcome the problem of hydrogen production from water and promote the development of hydrogen fuel cells.
This composite catalyst consists of molybdenum selenide and porous nickel selenide. Molybdenum selenide is a layered transition metal sulfide catalyst (LTMDs), and its edge part has the highest catalytic activity. In order to improve the catalytic performance, more edges of the LTMDs need to be exposed. However, so far, the catalytic performance has not been upgraded to a practical level.
This time, Ren Zhifeng, professor of physics at the University of Houston who led the study, said that they covered molybdenum selenide in a three-dimensional, porous nickel selenide foam that exposed more of the edge and covered it. The molybdenum selenide on it will also increase the marginal sites of the catalytic reaction, set both the strengths, and thus greatly improve the efficiency of hydrogen production by water. The commercial use of nickel foam also greatly reduces the cost of the composite catalyst.
At present, platinum is the most efficient catalyst for water production, but platinum is a rare metal and is difficult to extract. It is too expensive to produce hydrogen. Researchers have been looking for low-cost methods of making water from hydrogen, but the results are less than ideal. Existing hydrogen production through methane and coal gas will increase carbon emissions.
The new composite catalyst seems to make people see the hope of practical application of water to hydrogen production. A research paper published in the journal Nature Communications describes the test results of the new catalyst: With a voltage of 69 millivolts, the composite catalyst can produce a current density of 10 milliamperes per square centimeter, far exceeding the catalysts of previous studies of the same kind. Performance, and this amount of current can completely decompose the water near the cathode into hydrogen.
The researchers stated that the follow-up study could fully reduce the applied voltage required for the composite catalyst to 40 millivolts, which is very close to the 32 millivolt working voltage of the platinum catalyst. More importantly, the composite catalyst can still work at this voltage after repeated use for 1000 times, and the cost is low, the environment is not poisonous, and the efficiency is high. The conditions required for the production of hydrogen for water are newly prepared. (Reporter Nie Cuirong)
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