First, the correct selection of matching 1. Select and match the bull not only high milk production index, and milk fat index must be higher than with the cow, so that the quality of offspring milk can be genetically improved. 2. Eliminate the use of bull (semen) breeding that has not been determined by progeny. Firmly do not breed “wild†bulls without a pedigree and no breed license, so as not to reduce the milk production performance and milk quality of future generations. 3. According to the poor quality of milk produced by their own cows, bulls of good quality should be selected for improvement so that the quality of milk produced by future generations can be improved.
Second, to properly control the ratio of refined roughage in the diet milk contains fat, protein, sugar, minerals and vitamins and other nutrients, most of which are synthesized in the mammary gland from a variety of milk precursors selected from the blood For example, 90% of the protein in the milk is synthesized in the mammary gland by the precursor in the feed, and 10% of the protein is carried directly by the blood. Therefore, if the precursors are insufficient, the normal composition of the milk content and the milk component cannot be ensured, and if too much of the precursor is used before, it will cause waste. Milk content generally fluctuates with production and dietary nutrient levels. The ratio of fines to coarses is roughly 50:50 (range 60:40 to 40:60), which is the proportion of feed that gives the highest milk composition. During the peak period of lactation, the nutrient requirement of dairy cows becomes larger, and the quality and feed structure of the diet should be fully guaranteed. When the quality is poor or the structure is not good, protein deficiency is often caused. When the amount of protein is insufficient, the amount of milk will decrease, the milk protein rate will decrease, and the milk will become thinner. In order to increase the energy of the diet, high-quality roughage should be fed while increasing the concentrate feed.
Third, fully guarantee the quality of roughage The practice has proved that high-quality alfalfa hay can improve milk production from 800 to 1200 kg/year, and the head can be improved compared to poor quality hay. At the same time, high-quality roughage can increase the milk fat percentage by 0.1 to 0.2% and the milk protein rate by 0.03 to 0.06%. Lactose increased by 0.02 to 0.04%, and fat-free solids increased by 0.05 to 0.09%. Low-quality roughages prevent high-yield dairy cows from exerting high-yielding potential, deteriorate their physical quality, and reduce the quality of their milk. They do not meet the requirements for dairy processing and directly reduce economic returns. For roughage with poor quality, physical, chemical, and microbial treatments can be used to improve its nutritional value, improve the quality of roughage, increase dry matter intake of dairy cows, optimize the rumen environment of dairy cows, and improve digestion and metabolism of nutrients in the body. To achieve the best use of roughage for dairy cows, and ultimately to reduce production costs and improve the quality of milk and cattle breeding benefits.
Fourth, pay attention to strengthen the cow's heatstroke cooling measures The optimum production temperature for dairy cows is 10 ~ 16 °C, and has the characteristics of cold and heat, especially Holstein cattle heat resistance is even worse. To this end, summer should pay attention to doing a good job: 1. Adjust diets and strengthen management. Improve dietary energy concentration and promote dairy cows to increase feed intake. Appropriately increase grain feed, add fatty acid calcium, increase palatability of juicy green feed, tubers, melons, etc. Add a feeding at night or early morning when the climate is cool. Strengthen drinking water to reduce the number of cows in order to facilitate heat dissipation. Change the concentrate powder into granules to improve the digestion and absorption of the concentrate. 2. Strengthen ventilation and spray cooling. 3. Greening environment. Surrounding the barn and surrounding the playground must be green.
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