1. Types of cruciferous vegetables
Cabbage: Chinese cabbage, Chinese cabbage, Chinese cabbage, seaweed, red cabbage, etc.; cabbage: broccoli, broccoli, kale, broccoli, broccoli, etc.; mustard: leaf mustard, stem mustard (head dish) ), root mustard (kohlrabi), mustard, etc.; radish; aquatic vegetables.
Second, the main pests of cruciferous vegetables and their control methods
1, the dish
The carcass is small and soft, and the body shape is almost elliptical, and the body color changes greatly. Adults and larvae suck the juice on the leaves of the leaves, causing the leaves to curl and deform, the plants grow poorly, affecting the heart, and thus reduce the yield; the tender stems, pedicels and tender pods of the seedlings are damaged, causing the peduncle to be deformed and not twitching properly. , flowering, pods, pods are not full. In addition, aphids are the vector of cruciferous vegetable viruses, which are caused by the spread of viruses, sometimes more than the pest itself.
Control points: (1) Agricultural control: In summer, there is no or less species of cruciferous vegetables, cutting or reducing the source and source of autumn vegetables. (2) Physical control: 1 Use silver-gray film to avoid sputum. A 17-centimeter wide silver-gray film is placed around the seedbed, and a 3-6 cm wide silver-gray film is hung every 60-100 cm on the seedbed to avoid poisoning; 2 set a yellow plate to attract cockroaches. Yellow plated oil is inserted in the field, spring and autumn can trap and kill winged mites, reducing the density of locusts in the field; 3 chemical control: the preferred drug for rapeseed is 50% anti-èšœå¨(蚜雾蚜) 2000-3000 times liquid, followed by 10% imidacloprid wettable powder (imidic acid, hydrazine) 1000-2000 times liquid. You can also choose 2.5% rotenone emulsifiable concentrate 500 times solution, or 30% rosinate sodium emulsion 150-300 times solution, or 15% Lebron emulsifiable concentrate 2000-3000 times solution, or 1.3% vine cyanide emulsifiable concentrate 400-500 times solution. Or 10% permethrin emulsifiable concentrate 1200-2400 times solution. Pay attention to alternate spraying 2-3 times or 3-4 times, depending on the insect condition, seedlings, weather, etc., spray once every 7-10 days, and stop taking the medicine 10-15 days before harvesting.
2, yellow curved stripe
Commonly known as dog mites, adult and larvae can be harmful to host plants. The adult bites the leaf surface into many small holes, especially the seedlings suffer the most serious. The seedlings that have just been unearthed, the cotyledons are eaten or bitten and grow to cause the whole plant to die, resulting in lack of seedlings and even destruction. The larvae smashed the roots of the vegetable roots into many circular curved worms in the soil, or bite the roots. The damage of this insect is getting worse in the south.
Control points: (1) Agricultural control: 1 Grasp the pastoral cleanliness, remove the leaves of the vegetable garden, remove the weeds, and eliminate the wintering place and the food base; 2 The living environment and the elimination of some insects; 3 promote cruciferous vegetables and other vegetable rotations, can reduce the damage; 4 strengthen the water and fertilizer management during the seedling; 5 use the seedless seedlings when transplanting, if found roots are insects, available liquid Immerse the roots, such as 90% trichlorfon crystal 1000 times solution or 2.5% fish vine emulsion 600-800 times solution. (2) Physical control: Set black light to trap adults. (3) Chemical control: 1 leaching with chemical rooting as the main measure, you can choose 50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate, or 18% insecticidal double water agent, or 10% imidacloprid wettable powder, or 90% trichlorfon crystal 1000 times liquid separately applied; 2 soil treatment before sowing, 5% phoxim granules (3 kg / acre), or Miller (1.5 kg / acre), or the above-mentioned drenching planting agent treatment soil It has a good effect on poisoning larvae and mites. The residual effect period is more than 20 days, and it can be used once. 3 Spraying, in the period of adult activity, from the edge of the field to the field, the seedling stage is the focus of prevention and control. In addition to the above drugs, the agent may also use 2.5% kungfu or Uranus, or 5% quick killing emulsifiable concentrate 5000 times solution, or 20% sterilized emulsifiable concentrate 3000 times solution, or 90% Bataan soluble powder 1000-2000 times solution. , or 18% of the insecticidal double water agent 300 times solution, or 21% of the killing emulsifiable concentrate 4000 times solution.
3. Plutella xylostella
Plutella xylostella is a host plant damaged by larvae. The first-instar larvae only eat mesophyll, and the old larvae bite the leaves, causing nicks and holes. Spring and autumn are harmful.
Key points for prevention and control: (1) Agricultural control: 1 Reasonable layout, in the vegetable base or vegetable farm where the cruciferous vegetables are planted in large areas, consciously plant non-host crops such as melon beans, so that they can be separated by a certain distance; 2 after harvest Timely and thorough removal of residual plants and weeds in the field, and ploughing the soil as soon as possible to reduce the source of insects; 3 vegetables with short-lived cabbage, cabbage and other vegetables, in management, strive to make them grow one by one, so that the harvest period is more consistent It is possible to uniformly harvest and uniformly plow the vegetable fields in a short period of time in order to effectively suppress the insect source. (2) Physical control: Using moths to lighten and yellowing characteristics, a sticky yellow plate is set to trap adults in the adult stage. For the seedling cultivation of cabbage vegetables, the gauze small arch shed seedling method can be considered to avoid pests. (4) Chemical control: 1 should promote the use of chemicals mixed, use, or add synergists and replace the new insecticides with different pesticides; 2 to master the control period; 3 pay attention to medication skills; 4 Guangdong The recommended pesticides in the vegetable area are: compound worm fungus wettable powder 800-1200 times solution, or 50% insect resistant 992 emulsifiable concentrate 500-800 times solution, or 1% Weiba emulsifiable concentrate 600-800 times solution, or 98% bar Dan soluble powder 1500 times liquid (such as better mixed with Bt emulsifiable oil), or 10% emulsifiable concentrate 2300-4500 times liquid, or 20% sputum sputum suspension agent 400-630 times liquid, avermectin can also be used.
4, dishes
The vegetable scallions, commonly known as "heartworm" and "heartworm", are important pests in the seedling stage of cruciferous vegetables. The characteristics of the damage are: larvae burrowing, feeding on the heart of the seedlings, and silking the net, the infected seedlings stop growing due to the destruction of the growth point, and even wilting and dying, not only cause the lack of seedlings, but also the aging insects can also drill The stem and the roots spread soft rot, causing the vegetable plant to rot and reduce production. Most of the local rapeseeds are in the period of August-October.
Key points for prevention and control: (1) Agricultural control: 1 plough the land in time after harvest, clean the garden to reduce the source of insects; 2 adjust the sowing date according to local conditions, and try to make the 3-5 true leaf stage of the vegetable seedlings staggered from the worm stage. Can reduce the degree of damage; 3 appropriate watering to increase soil moisture, can inhibit pests. (2) Spraying and controlling: It is necessary to control the timely application of adult larvae and larva hatching period, or to arrange the application according to the time when the seedlings are first seen. The medicine can be selected as 21% killing emulsifiable concentrate, 20% fenvalerate emulsifiable concentrate, 20% chlorpyrifos 6,000 times solution, or 2.5% kungfu emulsifiable concentrate 4000 times solution, or 2.5% Uranus emulsifiable concentrate 3000 times solution, or 5 %Nongluo emulsifiable concentrate, or 5% calorie emulsifiable concentrate, 5% taibao emulsifiable concentrate 5000 times liquid, or kelong 1500-2000 times and kungfu 3000 times mixed. Pay attention to the alternate spraying to ensure that the medicine is sprayed onto the heart of the vegetable seedlings. Depending on the seedlings, insects and weather, spray 2-3 times, spray once every 7-15 days, before the dense and thin.
5, cabbage butterfly
Also known as white butterfly, its larvae are commonly known as cabbage caterpillars. Cabbage white butterfly is a larvae that damages cruciferous vegetables. The larvae bite on the leaves, which seriously affects the growth and development of the plants, resulting in reduced yield. In addition, the worms excreted by the larvae can contaminate the cauliflower bulbs, which reduces the value of the commodity; the wounds that are killed on the cabbage are susceptible to soft rot and cause the whole plant to rot and die. Cabbage butterfly is suitable for monthly average temperature of 20-25 °C, and monthly rainfall is less than 100 mm. Low temperature or high temperature and rainy seasons all affect their fertility, especially in the rainy season.
Control points: (1) Agricultural control: Refer to the control of Plutella xylostella. (2) Biological control: 1 spray a bacterial insecticide such as Bt emulsion or green worm liquid 500-1000 times liquid, spray at a temperature of 20 ° C above 3 years old, spray 3 times, spray every 7-15 days 1 time; 2 spraying the cabbage worm granule virus preparation, if there is no ready-made preparation, you can use the 5th-year-old dead insect body 10-13 heads/mu, smashed with water 37-150 kg/mu evenly sprayed, cabbage and cabbage from colonization To the harvest spray 1-2 times, broccoli and kale are sprayed 3-4 times in a full period, once every 10-15 days; 3 chemical control: all chemical pesticides applicable to Plutella xylostella can be used to control cabbage caterpillars. In addition, depending on the development of resistance to cabbage caterpillars, the following agents may be used: 40% methyl zinc thiophosphorus emulsion 1000-2000 times solution, or 4.5% beta-cypermethrin EC 2000-3000 times solution, or 0.5% Dongqing Insect oil 600-1200 times, or 0.5% cucurbitacin solution 500-700 times solution, or 1% matrine solution 450-1000 times solution, or 15% Lebron emulsifiable concentrate 2000-3000 times solution, or 70% bromine 2500-5000 times of horse emulsifiable concentrate, or 4500-7000 times of 70% bromo emulsifiable concentrate, or 800-1600 times of 37% high-efficiency cis-reverse chloro-horse emulsifiable concentrate, or 2500-5000 times of 25% octanoic emulsifiable concentrate, or 20% Chrysanthemum emulsifiable concentrate 2000-4000 times liquid, or Kung Fu 3000-5000 times liquid and Cologne 1500-2000 times liquid mixed.
Cabbage: Chinese cabbage, Chinese cabbage, Chinese cabbage, seaweed, red cabbage, etc.; cabbage: broccoli, broccoli, kale, broccoli, broccoli, etc.; mustard: leaf mustard, stem mustard (head dish) ), root mustard (kohlrabi), mustard, etc.; radish; aquatic vegetables.
Second, the main pests of cruciferous vegetables and their control methods
1, the dish
The carcass is small and soft, and the body shape is almost elliptical, and the body color changes greatly. Adults and larvae suck the juice on the leaves of the leaves, causing the leaves to curl and deform, the plants grow poorly, affecting the heart, and thus reduce the yield; the tender stems, pedicels and tender pods of the seedlings are damaged, causing the peduncle to be deformed and not twitching properly. , flowering, pods, pods are not full. In addition, aphids are the vector of cruciferous vegetable viruses, which are caused by the spread of viruses, sometimes more than the pest itself.
Control points: (1) Agricultural control: In summer, there is no or less species of cruciferous vegetables, cutting or reducing the source and source of autumn vegetables. (2) Physical control: 1 Use silver-gray film to avoid sputum. A 17-centimeter wide silver-gray film is placed around the seedbed, and a 3-6 cm wide silver-gray film is hung every 60-100 cm on the seedbed to avoid poisoning; 2 set a yellow plate to attract cockroaches. Yellow plated oil is inserted in the field, spring and autumn can trap and kill winged mites, reducing the density of locusts in the field; 3 chemical control: the preferred drug for rapeseed is 50% anti-èšœå¨(蚜雾蚜) 2000-3000 times liquid, followed by 10% imidacloprid wettable powder (imidic acid, hydrazine) 1000-2000 times liquid. You can also choose 2.5% rotenone emulsifiable concentrate 500 times solution, or 30% rosinate sodium emulsion 150-300 times solution, or 15% Lebron emulsifiable concentrate 2000-3000 times solution, or 1.3% vine cyanide emulsifiable concentrate 400-500 times solution. Or 10% permethrin emulsifiable concentrate 1200-2400 times solution. Pay attention to alternate spraying 2-3 times or 3-4 times, depending on the insect condition, seedlings, weather, etc., spray once every 7-10 days, and stop taking the medicine 10-15 days before harvesting.
2, yellow curved stripe
Commonly known as dog mites, adult and larvae can be harmful to host plants. The adult bites the leaf surface into many small holes, especially the seedlings suffer the most serious. The seedlings that have just been unearthed, the cotyledons are eaten or bitten and grow to cause the whole plant to die, resulting in lack of seedlings and even destruction. The larvae smashed the roots of the vegetable roots into many circular curved worms in the soil, or bite the roots. The damage of this insect is getting worse in the south.
Control points: (1) Agricultural control: 1 Grasp the pastoral cleanliness, remove the leaves of the vegetable garden, remove the weeds, and eliminate the wintering place and the food base; 2 The living environment and the elimination of some insects; 3 promote cruciferous vegetables and other vegetable rotations, can reduce the damage; 4 strengthen the water and fertilizer management during the seedling; 5 use the seedless seedlings when transplanting, if found roots are insects, available liquid Immerse the roots, such as 90% trichlorfon crystal 1000 times solution or 2.5% fish vine emulsion 600-800 times solution. (2) Physical control: Set black light to trap adults. (3) Chemical control: 1 leaching with chemical rooting as the main measure, you can choose 50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate, or 18% insecticidal double water agent, or 10% imidacloprid wettable powder, or 90% trichlorfon crystal 1000 times liquid separately applied; 2 soil treatment before sowing, 5% phoxim granules (3 kg / acre), or Miller (1.5 kg / acre), or the above-mentioned drenching planting agent treatment soil It has a good effect on poisoning larvae and mites. The residual effect period is more than 20 days, and it can be used once. 3 Spraying, in the period of adult activity, from the edge of the field to the field, the seedling stage is the focus of prevention and control. In addition to the above drugs, the agent may also use 2.5% kungfu or Uranus, or 5% quick killing emulsifiable concentrate 5000 times solution, or 20% sterilized emulsifiable concentrate 3000 times solution, or 90% Bataan soluble powder 1000-2000 times solution. , or 18% of the insecticidal double water agent 300 times solution, or 21% of the killing emulsifiable concentrate 4000 times solution.
3. Plutella xylostella
Plutella xylostella is a host plant damaged by larvae. The first-instar larvae only eat mesophyll, and the old larvae bite the leaves, causing nicks and holes. Spring and autumn are harmful.
Key points for prevention and control: (1) Agricultural control: 1 Reasonable layout, in the vegetable base or vegetable farm where the cruciferous vegetables are planted in large areas, consciously plant non-host crops such as melon beans, so that they can be separated by a certain distance; 2 after harvest Timely and thorough removal of residual plants and weeds in the field, and ploughing the soil as soon as possible to reduce the source of insects; 3 vegetables with short-lived cabbage, cabbage and other vegetables, in management, strive to make them grow one by one, so that the harvest period is more consistent It is possible to uniformly harvest and uniformly plow the vegetable fields in a short period of time in order to effectively suppress the insect source. (2) Physical control: Using moths to lighten and yellowing characteristics, a sticky yellow plate is set to trap adults in the adult stage. For the seedling cultivation of cabbage vegetables, the gauze small arch shed seedling method can be considered to avoid pests. (4) Chemical control: 1 should promote the use of chemicals mixed, use, or add synergists and replace the new insecticides with different pesticides; 2 to master the control period; 3 pay attention to medication skills; 4 Guangdong The recommended pesticides in the vegetable area are: compound worm fungus wettable powder 800-1200 times solution, or 50% insect resistant 992 emulsifiable concentrate 500-800 times solution, or 1% Weiba emulsifiable concentrate 600-800 times solution, or 98% bar Dan soluble powder 1500 times liquid (such as better mixed with Bt emulsifiable oil), or 10% emulsifiable concentrate 2300-4500 times liquid, or 20% sputum sputum suspension agent 400-630 times liquid, avermectin can also be used.
4, dishes
The vegetable scallions, commonly known as "heartworm" and "heartworm", are important pests in the seedling stage of cruciferous vegetables. The characteristics of the damage are: larvae burrowing, feeding on the heart of the seedlings, and silking the net, the infected seedlings stop growing due to the destruction of the growth point, and even wilting and dying, not only cause the lack of seedlings, but also the aging insects can also drill The stem and the roots spread soft rot, causing the vegetable plant to rot and reduce production. Most of the local rapeseeds are in the period of August-October.
Key points for prevention and control: (1) Agricultural control: 1 plough the land in time after harvest, clean the garden to reduce the source of insects; 2 adjust the sowing date according to local conditions, and try to make the 3-5 true leaf stage of the vegetable seedlings staggered from the worm stage. Can reduce the degree of damage; 3 appropriate watering to increase soil moisture, can inhibit pests. (2) Spraying and controlling: It is necessary to control the timely application of adult larvae and larva hatching period, or to arrange the application according to the time when the seedlings are first seen. The medicine can be selected as 21% killing emulsifiable concentrate, 20% fenvalerate emulsifiable concentrate, 20% chlorpyrifos 6,000 times solution, or 2.5% kungfu emulsifiable concentrate 4000 times solution, or 2.5% Uranus emulsifiable concentrate 3000 times solution, or 5 %Nongluo emulsifiable concentrate, or 5% calorie emulsifiable concentrate, 5% taibao emulsifiable concentrate 5000 times liquid, or kelong 1500-2000 times and kungfu 3000 times mixed. Pay attention to the alternate spraying to ensure that the medicine is sprayed onto the heart of the vegetable seedlings. Depending on the seedlings, insects and weather, spray 2-3 times, spray once every 7-15 days, before the dense and thin.
5, cabbage butterfly
Also known as white butterfly, its larvae are commonly known as cabbage caterpillars. Cabbage white butterfly is a larvae that damages cruciferous vegetables. The larvae bite on the leaves, which seriously affects the growth and development of the plants, resulting in reduced yield. In addition, the worms excreted by the larvae can contaminate the cauliflower bulbs, which reduces the value of the commodity; the wounds that are killed on the cabbage are susceptible to soft rot and cause the whole plant to rot and die. Cabbage butterfly is suitable for monthly average temperature of 20-25 °C, and monthly rainfall is less than 100 mm. Low temperature or high temperature and rainy seasons all affect their fertility, especially in the rainy season.
Control points: (1) Agricultural control: Refer to the control of Plutella xylostella. (2) Biological control: 1 spray a bacterial insecticide such as Bt emulsion or green worm liquid 500-1000 times liquid, spray at a temperature of 20 ° C above 3 years old, spray 3 times, spray every 7-15 days 1 time; 2 spraying the cabbage worm granule virus preparation, if there is no ready-made preparation, you can use the 5th-year-old dead insect body 10-13 heads/mu, smashed with water 37-150 kg/mu evenly sprayed, cabbage and cabbage from colonization To the harvest spray 1-2 times, broccoli and kale are sprayed 3-4 times in a full period, once every 10-15 days; 3 chemical control: all chemical pesticides applicable to Plutella xylostella can be used to control cabbage caterpillars. In addition, depending on the development of resistance to cabbage caterpillars, the following agents may be used: 40% methyl zinc thiophosphorus emulsion 1000-2000 times solution, or 4.5% beta-cypermethrin EC 2000-3000 times solution, or 0.5% Dongqing Insect oil 600-1200 times, or 0.5% cucurbitacin solution 500-700 times solution, or 1% matrine solution 450-1000 times solution, or 15% Lebron emulsifiable concentrate 2000-3000 times solution, or 70% bromine 2500-5000 times of horse emulsifiable concentrate, or 4500-7000 times of 70% bromo emulsifiable concentrate, or 800-1600 times of 37% high-efficiency cis-reverse chloro-horse emulsifiable concentrate, or 2500-5000 times of 25% octanoic emulsifiable concentrate, or 20% Chrysanthemum emulsifiable concentrate 2000-4000 times liquid, or Kung Fu 3000-5000 times liquid and Cologne 1500-2000 times liquid mixed.
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