I. Preparation
(I) Arranging construction projects properly
For projects that are completed this year, they should concentrate on grabbing decorations and rushing to harvest before entering the winter. In particular, the exterior decoration must be completed before entering the winter. To ensure that the completed area is completed in the year, make appropriate adjustments to the construction project: For sub-projects that are not suitable for winter construction, such as interior and exterior decoration, paint, roof waterproofing, etc., as far as possible before the winter season or after the spring of the coming year;
(B) Before the winter construction, clarify the responsibility of each division, sub-project technical and personnel, and organize related personnel to study “Construction Project Winter Construction Regulations†(JGJ104-97), and formulate winter construction plans according to their actual conditions (approval Afterwards, a report was made by the Technical Quality Department of the Ministry of Industry and Technology. The construction procedures, anti-freezing, temperature measurement, and quality and safety aspects were carefully planned. At the same time, the winter construction technical disclosure was performed to ensure that each process was organized according to specifications and technical measures; Quality inspection system, do a good job in quality and safety inspection, eliminate quality and safety hazards; should assign someone to do a good job of various winter construction records, and properly file and organize;
(3) Prior to entering the winter, the technicians, construction workers, material personnel, testers and important team leaders, temperature measuring personnel, boiler workers, welders, admixtures and aerial workers shall be trained and trained. Related to construction plans, construction methods and quality standards;
(IV) During the construction period in winter, special measures should be taken to supervise the addition of additives, heating of raw materials, conservation and temperature measurement, maintenance of test blocks, and management of heating facilities. The project technicians and quality inspectors conduct random inspections, keep abreast of the implementation status, find problems and correct them in time, and effectively guarantee the quality of the project;
(V) During winter construction period, special personnel should be assigned to watch the weather forecast information, make records, and communicate the relevant personnel in a timely manner;
(6) In winter applications, antifreeze or early strength agent or their composite type shall be used. The admixture shall strictly implement the quality certification system, shall have the quality certificate of the product, and shall have the technical appraisal certificate of the province, autonomous region, and municipality directly above the central government level. In the area where the license system is implemented, there shall also be the product access permit. Products that do not have the above conditions must not be used in the project.
(vii) Site preparation
1. Organize procurement and supply of insulation materials, fuels, additives and heating equipment;
2. The mixer shed should be closed, the cement warehouse must be strengthened, and cement should not be stored in open air;
3, on-site heating equipment, machinery, hydropower facilities to strengthen the maintenance and repair, temporary water pipes, valves to take insulation measures;
4, do a good job in the winter construction of concrete, mortar and admixture with the trial test, to provide winter construction mix;
5, do a good job on-site drainage work to prevent large areas of water or ice. The exposed foundation and the upper and lower pipelines that have already been constructed should be promptly backfilled and covered to prevent freezing;
6. Carefully preserve the complete winter construction materials during the construction process.
Second, earthwork and basic engineering
(1) Earthworks should be avoided as much as possible during the winter period. If they must be constructed during the winter, the construction methods should be determined after a technical and economic comparison. According to the established construction method, make full preparations to ensure continuous construction;
(2) During winter construction, non-slip and fire prevention measures shall be taken on the transport roads and construction sites;
(c) Earthworks excavated in winter, in order to prevent the freezing of the soil, according to local conditions can be used to loosen the top soil method, snow cover method, covered insulation material method and warm shed law, etc., to the soil freeze protection;
(4) If the frozen soil needs to be excavated in winter, it can be thawed by pyrotechnic baking, steam melting, electrical heating and other methods according to the depth of soil freezing and the actual conditions, and the soil can be excavated after melting. If no freezing conditions can be excavated by artificial, mechanical and blasting methods;
(5) Soil replacement should not be carried out in winter construction (for example, using sand cushions, argillaceous cushions for artificial backfill, muddy clay, etc.). If it is necessary to change soil, non-freezing of sand, stone and soil should be used, and construction should be carried out at an ambient temperature of not less than -5°C;
(f) For frost-heavy soils, if the foundation has suffered freezing, the permafrost layer should be completely removed, or the permafrost layer should be melted and carefully consolidated. For the non-frost bulge soil, the frozen soil layer should be melted before the next process can be carried out;
(7) When backfilling earth in winter, the thickness of each layer of soil shall be reduced by 20-25% compared with normal temperature. Reserve subsidence should be increased compared to conventional construction;
(8) If earthwork cannot be carried out immediately after excavation, a 10cm thick soil layer can be reserved on the substrate and covered with straw bags to prevent freezing of the foundation soil. During the next process of construction, the earth should be excavated to Design elevation
(9) Good soil excavated in winter construction should be piled up and covered to prevent it from being affected by frozen blocks. Various backfills should be arranged as far back as possible before entering the winter;
(10) For outdoor excavation (slot) or pipe trench backfilling, the frozen block content shall not exceed 15% of the total backfilling, the particle size shall not exceed 15cm, and shall be evenly distributed, and shall not be frozen within 50cm above the trench bottom. Soil backfill of soil blocks; Foundation pits (grooves), pipe trenches or large-area backfills in the room must not be backfilled with soil containing frozen soil. Construction of backfill soil should be continued and compacted. The thickness of each layer of soil shall not exceed 20 cm. Should be 10 ~ 15cm;
(11) Slurry wall-perforated cast-in-place piles should be constructed in the early winter or in the spring, and the mud temperature should not be lower than 5 °C, and chlorine salt antifreeze must not be added.
(12) Precast piles shall be used as far as possible during construction of pile foundations in the winter period. Drills shall be used to drill through the permafrost before the pile is piled or melted to melt the frozen soil at the piles. If the design requires the use of cast-in-place piles, thermal storage method and integrated thermal storage method should be used.
Third, the masonry project
(i) Materials used in winter construction shall meet the following requirements:
1. Lime paste, electric gypsum, etc. should be protected from freezing; if it is frozen, it should be used after melting;
2. The sand used for mixing mortar shall not contain ice blocks and frozen blocks larger than 10mm;
3. Bricks or other blocks used for masonry shall not be immersed in water;
(II) In addition to the requirement of the normal temperature, the retention of the mortar test block in the winter construction period shall be no less than 3 sets of test blocks maintained under the same conditions as the masonry, and shall be used to test the intensity of each age and be transferred to room temperature. 28d mortar strength;
(3) When the base soil has no frost heave, the foundation can be masonry on a frozen foundation; when the foundation soil has frost heave, it should be masonry on the unfrozen foundation. Before construction and backfilling, foundations should be prevented from freezing;
(4) Normal bricks, perforated bricks and hollow bricks shall be moistened with water when the temperature is higher than 0°C. When the temperature is lower than or equal to 0°C, the water may not be poured, but the consistency of the mortar must be increased. For buildings with a seismic intensity of 9 degrees, ordinary bricks, perforated bricks, and hollow bricks cannot be mashed when they cannot be watered and wet.
(five) Mixing mortar should adopt two-step feeding method. The temperature of the water must not exceed 80 °C; the temperature of the sand must not exceed 40 °C;
(6) The temperature of mortar used should meet the following requirements:
1. When admixture admixture is adopted, the types of admixtures must conform to the relevant national and local regulations, and chlorine salts should be avoided and should not be lower than +5°C; when the design is not required, and the minimum temperature is equal to or lower than - At 15 °C, masonry bearing masonry mortar strength grade should be increased by 1 level at room temperature;
2. When using the warm house method, it should not be lower than +5°C;
3, using the freezing method, when the outdoor air temperature is 0 ~ -10 °C, -11 ~ -25 °C, -25 °C, the minimum temperature of the mortar is 10 °C, 15 °C, 20 °C;
(7) In the construction of the warm house method, the temperature of the blocks in the masonry shall not be lower than +5°C, and the temperature in the shed at the bottom 0.5m from the built structure shall not be lower than +5°C;
(h) The masonry maintenance time in the greenhouse shall be determined according to Table 1 in accordance with the temperature in the greenhouse:
Heating Shed Masonry Maintenance Schedule 1
The temperature of the greenhouse (°C) 5 10 15 20
Curing time (d) ≥6 ≥5 ≥4 ≥3
(9) During the thawing of the freezing method construction, the masonry shall be frequently observed and inspected. If cracks, uneven sinking, etc. are found, reinforcement measures shall be taken immediately; in addition, there are no special construction requirements and no reliable safeguards Try not to use freezing method construction;
(10) When using chlorine-doped salt mortar method, the strength grade of mortar should be increased by one grade according to the strength grade of normal temperature construction, and local regulations should be complied with;
(11) Reinforced masonry shall not be constructed by doping with chlorine salt.
Fourth, concrete and reinforced concrete
(i) General requirements
1. During winter construction, it is necessary to prevent the newly-constructed concrete from being damaged by freezing in the early stage, and to select appropriate insulation measures so that the concrete can reach early strength as soon as possible;
2. The compressive strength of concrete before freezing damage, that is, the critical strength of freezing, the concrete with portland cement or ordinary cement is not less than 30% of the design strength grade; the concrete formulated with slag cement is not lower than the design strength grade 40%; Concrete below C10 is not lower than 5Mpa; Concrete with antifreeze must not be lower than 4Mpa when outdoor minimum temperature is not lower than -15°C, and not lower than 5Mpa when it exceeds -15°C;
3, the preferred use of Portland cement or ordinary portland cement, slag cement should be preferred steam curing. The proportion of each cubic meter in the mix ratio should not be less than 300kg, the water-cement ratio should not be greater than 0.6;
(B) heating of concrete raw materials
1. The heating of concrete raw materials should be preceded by the method of heating water. When the heated water still cannot meet the requirements, the aggregates are heated again. The maximum temperature of the ordinary portland cement and slag portland cement mixing water with a strength rating lower than 42.5 shall not exceed 80°C, the maximum temperature of the aggregate shall not exceed 60°C, and the Portland cement or common silicic acid with grade greater than or equal to 42.5 The maximum temperature of the salt-cement mixing water shall not exceed 60°C, and the maximum temperature of the aggregate shall not exceed 40°C. When the water and aggregate reach the specified temperature and still cannot meet the thermal calculation requirements, the water temperature can be raised to 100°C, but the cement must not be in direct contact with water above 80°C;
2, heating should use steam heating, electric heating or soda heat exchange tanks and other methods. The water tank or basin used for heating water should be kept warm, and its volume should be such that the water can reach the required use temperature. The direct heating method can be used on the site, that is, direct heating with iron drums, water tanks, boilers, etc.;
3, mud should be maintained at a positive temperature, not direct heating, before use should be transported into the warehouse or warm shed.
(III) Rebar Engineering
1. Steel bars used under negative temperature conditions should be intensified during construction. Steel bars should be protected from impact and nicks during transportation and processing;
2. The method of straightening steel bars should be mechanical or cold-drawn. When cold-drawn, the ambient temperature should not be lower than -20°C. When the temperature is lower, the rebars of HRB335, HRB400 and RRB400 grades must not be subjected to cold bending. Operation to avoid the reinforcement at the bending point of the rebar, resulting in brittle fracture of the rebar; the tension temperature of the prestressed rebar should not be lower than -15°C;
3, steel negative temperature cold pull method can be controlled stress method or control cold pull rate method. Prestressed tendons used as prestressed concrete structures should adopt the method of controlled stress; cold drawing of hot rolled steel bars that cannot be divided into batches of furnaces should not be adopted.
4, steel negative temperature welding, flash butt welding, arc welding and pressure welding and other welding methods. When the ambient temperature is lower than -20°C, it is not suitable for welding;
(4) Concrete mixing, transportation and pouring
1. Mix the concrete mixed with antifreeze, and mix the mixer with hot water or steam before stirring. The stirring time should be 1.5 times the normal temperature mixing time;
2. The exit temperature of the concrete mixture should not be lower than 10°C, and the temperature of the mold should not be lower than 5°C. It should still meet the needs of winter thermal calculation;
3, the aggregate used in concrete must be clean and must not contain frozen and other frozen objects;
4. Before the concrete is poured, the ice, snow and dirt on the formwork and rebar should be removed. Transport and pouring concrete containers should have insulation measures;
5. In winter construction of mass concrete, it is necessary to prevent overheating of the mold and excessive heat of hydration inside the crucible. Therefore, the selection of cement bells, the determination of mix ratio, and the amount of admixture should be considered in conjunction with the characteristics of winter plant. In order to prevent the temperature difference between concrete inside and outside from being too large, the concrete surface should be covered with insulation material.
(e) Concrete curing
1. Comprehensive heat storage method should use early strength agent or early-strength compound anti-freeze agent, and it should have the function of reducing water and bleed air;
2. When the heat storage method cannot meet the requirements within a certain age, other methods such as steam method, warm shed method, electrothermal method, etc. can be adopted;
3, mixed with antifreeze curing concrete, when the temperature is reduced to the prescribed temperature below the antifreeze, its strength should not be less than 3.5N/mm2. Formwork and insulation should be removed after the concrete has cooled to 5°C. When the difference between the surface temperature of the concrete and the ambient temperature after demoulding is greater than 15°C, the concrete shall be covered with thermal insulation materials;
(6) Relevant measures to ensure the construction quality of concrete in winter
1. Check the quality and quantity of admixture. After entering the market, the admixture of goods shall be sampled and tested. Only after passing the inspection, can it be used; check the temperature of water, aggregate, admixture solution, and concrete tank and pouring; check the concrete from entering the mold. Temperature during insulation template removal. Each work class is not less than 4 times;
2. Measurement of temperature during concrete curing. The thermal storage method or integrated thermal storage method shall be performed at least every 6 h from the start of the intrusion mold to the critical freezing strength, or before the concrete temperature drops to 0°C or the design temperature. The antimony-containing antimony shall have a specified strength. The critical intensity of freezing should be measured every 2 h before;
3, all temperature measurement holes should be numbered, and draw layout drawings. The temperature measurement hole should be located in a representative structural part and a part where the temperature change is large and easy to cool. The hole depth should be 10~15cm, and it can also be 1/2 behind the board or 1/2 of the wall thickness. When measuring the temperature, the temperature measuring instrument should take measures to isolate the temperature from the outside, and stay in the temperature measurement hole for no less than 3 min;
4. Check whether the curing conditions of the same condition maintenance block are the same as the construction site maintenance conditions.
5. The retention method and sampling quantity of the same condition maintenance specimen shall meet the following requirements:
(1) The structural components or structural parts corresponding to the conditional conservation test specimens shall be jointly selected by the supervision (construction) and construction parties;
(2) All concrete strength grades in the concrete structure engineering should be left with the same condition curing specimens;
(3) For the same-condition maintenance specimens of the same strength class, the number of lien shall be determined according to the amount and importance of the concrete works, and should not be less than 10 groups and not less than 3 groups;
(4) After removing the mold from the same conditions as the maintenance test piece, it shall be placed in an appropriate position near the corresponding structural member or structural part, and the same maintenance method shall be adopted;
6. The strength test shall be carried out when the same condition curing test specimen reaches the equivalent curing age. The equivalent curing period shall be determined based on the principle that the strength of the curing specimen with the same conditions is equal to the strength of the 28-day specimen under standard curing conditions;
7. The equivalent curing age of the same condition natural curing test piece and the corresponding representative strength value of the test piece should be determined according to the following regulations according to the local temperature and curing conditions:
(1) The equivalent curing age may take all corresponding ages when the daily average temperature increases day by day to 600°C.d, and the age below 0°C does not count towards; the equivalent curing age shall not be less than 14 days. Should not be greater than 60d;
(2) The representative values ​​of the strength of the same condition curing test specimens shall be determined according to the strength test results according to the current national standard "Concrete Strength Inspection and Evaluation Standard" GBJ107, and the multiplication and conversion factors shall be used; the conversion factor shall be taken as 1.10, and may also be based on The results of local trial statistics should be adjusted appropriately;
8. The structural components of the winter construction and artificial heating and curing, and the equivalent curing age of the same condition curing test specimens can be in accordance with the actual conditions for the maintenance of structural components, and the supervision (construction), construction and other parties shall comply with the provisions of Article 4.6.6. Determine together.
V. Roofing Project
(a) Roofing works should generally not be constructed during the winter period. If it is necessary to construct during the winter period, wind and fine weather should be selected. The temperature should not be lower than -10°C. Use the sunshine to increase the temperature of the base layer to increase the bonding between the coil and the base layer;
(2) The asphalt screed should be used for the screeding of the roof. If the screed using the existing screed can be mixed with salt mortar, the drying must be achieved before the waterproof screed.
(3) Materials used for roof insulation must be kept clean and must not be mixed with frozen blocks of ice and snow. The membrane material used for roofing waterproofing should be stored in a positive temperature storeroom. It shall be shipped with it and shall not be stacked in the open air.
Sixth, plastering project
(i) Before the winter outdoor decoration works are carried out, wind-shielding measures should be installed on the west and north sides;
(b) The mortar used for plastering in winter should adopt insulation and antifreeze measures. The outdoor plastering mortar should be mixed with anti-freezing agent that can reduce the freezing point. The dosage should be determined by the test; when the outdoor wall surface is painted after the construction, the anti-freezing agent mixed in the plastering mortar should be selected. Match the paint material, its dosage and use effect should be determined through tests;
(3) Prior to arranging interior plastering, it is advisable to do a good job of sealing and waterproofing the roof and the interior;
(D) mortar should be stirred in the mixing booth, and should be in the transport of insulation, with the use of with the mix to prevent freezing of mortar;
(5) Indoor plastering such as adding anti-freezing agent to the mortar (anti-freezing agent containing chlorine salt shall not be used in the cement mortar base layer with painted walls), and the amount of the anti-freezing agent shall be determined by tests; when it is applied by hot practices, its The ambient temperature should be maintained above 5 °C until the plaster layer is substantially dry;
(vi) The curing temperature of indoor plaster should not be lower than 5°C. The cement mortar layer should be maintained under moist conditions and should be ventilated.
Seven, paint, coating engineering
A large number of paint projects should not be scheduled for winter construction. If the project is in urgent need of construction and the amount is small, the following provisions shall be followed:
(i) The grassroots must be dry, otherwise construction is not allowed;
(2) When the outdoor construction is required, the minimum ambient temperature shall not be lower than 5°C; the slurry shall maintain the construction balance; the slurry slurry shall be prepared with hot water, and the slurry shall be used for the thermal insulation and slurry The use temperature should be maintained at about 15°C; construction should be stopped when there is strong wind, rain and snow;
(3) In the winter season, when paint is blended into the paint, a 2.5% weight of driers and 5% pine perfume shall be added to the paint;
Eight, decorative works
(a) During the construction of winter interior veneering works, hot air or a stove with a chimney can be used for heating, and ventilation and dehumidification devices should be provided. The outdoor finishing project should adopt the warm shed method construction, the shed temperature should not be lower than 5 °C, and operate according to the normal temperature construction method;
(2) After the veneer is in place and fixed, it shall be grouted with 1:2.5 cement mortar, and the heat preservation time shall not be less than 7d;
(C) Construction of exterior wall facing stone in winter construction should be based on local temperature conditions and water absorption requirements. Before installation, a certain number of anchors may be embedded in the structure during construction according to the size of the blocks. Bolt dry construction method, anchor bolts should be waterproof, rust-proof treatment.
Nine, floor ground engineering
(i) Permafrost must not be used as filling under the ground;
(2) The frozen sand and frozen natural sandstone shall not be used for the sand and sand cushions; the construction temperature shall not be lower than 0°C; if the temperature is lower than 0°C, corresponding measures shall be taken according to the winter construction requirements;
(3) The ambient temperature during surface construction shall not be less than 5°C. When it is lower than its temperature, corresponding winter measures shall be taken;
X. Steel Structure Engineering
(1) Welding operations are an important part of winter construction of steel structures, and reliable measures must be made to ensure project quality;
(b) When the welded structure uses boiling steel, the plate thickness should not be too large. Ordinary carbon structural steel shall not be below -20°C, and low alloy structural steel shall not be punched, sheared, hammered or barged below -15°C;
(3) When high-strength bolts must be screwed at negative temperatures, they must not use impact force.
XI. Construction Heating, Sanitation and Gas Engineering
(a) The civil engineering project should be installed as much as possible before the winter to install the warm and sanitary project, and the completed installation of the heating system, water supply and drainage system hydrostatic pressure test is completed. If the installation must be completed during the winter period, the entire building must be closed. Consider the size of the pipe diameter, the ambient temperature and the pressure test conditions. Immediately after the pressure test, the net water in the tube is released to prevent freezing injury;
(II) The winter construction of the pipeline should be divided into sections, laid in sections, and backfilled with the pipeline. The interface part is left unfilled and used for inspection, but straw bags should be added for insulation;
(3) When the external water supply and drain pipe is used to insert cement interface or other clay interface at the construction temperature of 0°C, the interface shall be cleaned and baked and preheated to 80°C. Immediately after the interface is sealed with slime and kept in straw bag sawdust;
(4) When conducting hydrostatic pressure tests on key pipelines and concealed pipelines during winter construction, the water pressure test shall be conducted at a temperature of 5°C or more. After the water pressure is over, the water shall be drained in a timely manner and an Air Compressor shall be used to purge the system. If no pressure test conditions, you can also do air pressure test, but the pressure test pressure should not exceed 1.25 times the working pressure;
(E) When welding steel pipes, when the temperature is lower than -10 °C, the interface should be warmed up, the preheating temperature not less than 150 °C;
(6) The building must be closed well before the water supply system of the heating and water supply system, and the water supply system should be provided with heating measures to ensure that the temperature within 5°C. Water supply system should be divided into sub-systems, stratification, and sub-stages;
(7) The equipment, pipelines and piers shall not be laid directly on the frozen soil.
XII. Construction Electrical Installation Engineering
(1) During the winter construction of the external line project, the blasting method is generally not suitable for excavating the poles of frozen soil pits;
(II) The following provisions shall be complied with in the winter construction of interior works:
1. Prior to the laying of wire conduits, the snow, water and other debris in the pipes must be removed and the pipes must be dried. Hard plastic pipe laying environment temperature below -15 °C should stop construction;
2. Adhesive parts should carefully remove water vapor and frost on the wall or board surface, and heat the surface to about 70°C;
3, the use of plastic wire wiring, should ensure that the construction environment temperature above 5 °C;
(3) The winter construction of cable works shall comply with the following provisions:
1. Ensure that the temperature of the cable body is above 5°C. Otherwise, preheat and preheat the cable. The ambient temperature of cable ends and intermediate joints should be above 5°C, and be protected from moisture;
2. In the winter when laying cables, the bending radius should be increased as compared with the regulations, and the snow and ice in the cable trench should be removed;
3, outdoor cable joints shall not be glued below 5°C, and the metal shell of the cable head shall be preheated and dehumidified when pouring glue;
4, making epoxy joints, epoxy resin should be heated indirectly to 70-80 °C before making ingredients;
5, when the indoor wall slot electrical piping, installation box, you need to use cement mortar stability, mortar marking with the plaster, the operating environment temperature should be above 5 °C. If the temperature is lower than 5°C, measures should be taken to increase the temperature, and antifreeze should be added to the mortar (antifreeze containing chlorine salt must not be used in cement mortar bases with painted walls). The dosage should be determined by tests.
XIII. Security Measures
(1) The relevant units shall aim at the characteristics of safe production in winter construction, such as hoisting machinery, construction electricity, formwork engineering, construction collapse, falling at high places, temporary facilities, fire prevention, wind protection, antifreeze, anti-skid, anti-poisoning, etc. Focusing on work, the meeting was convened to deploy winter production safety. All project projects must be combined with the construction of the project to formulate the winter construction plan, organize special inspections for the winter construction, formulate measures for the hidden accidents identified, and rectify the deadlines; for those who cannot guarantee safe production, they must resolutely stop work to ensure that they are absolutely safe.
(b) Fire prevention work should be done during winter construction. The production and living fires on the construction site must have a system, fire-fighting equipment and tools, and special personnel responsible for the care, so that the fire can be eliminated. It is forbidden to use electric furnaces and vaporizers. If it is necessary to use electric furnaces for work, it should be reported to the person in charge of the fire department first. It can be used only after it has been approved to use effective preventive measures. It is strictly forbidden to use iodine tungsten lamps and high-power bulbs for heating in the dormitory. The power supply is strictly in accordance with the "three-level distribution secondary protection" and "three-phase five-wire system". The fire extinguisher is installed in the power distribution room to prevent fire accidents caused by power supply. The fire protection management of the concrete curtains and cotton felt covering the concrete insulation in winter is strengthened. The storage of the covering materials is strictly prohibited on the scene and equipped with enough fire-fighting equipment to eliminate the fire risk in the bud.
(C) Winter construction must be done well against winter work. Before winter, it is necessary to conduct a comprehensive inspection and maintenance of machinery and equipment, and construction and structures used on site. All construction machinery with a fixed location should be equipped with a cold-proof shed. All water storage equipment and pipelines must be stored at the end of the day. Keep the water clean to prevent freezing cracks. Pipes and pools should be drained in time after testing the water; ensure smooth construction in winter;
(4) Anti-drug work must be done during winter construction. Strengthen the management of toxic and hazardous materials. Warehouses that store toxic and hazardous materials should be specially responsible. Ventilation holes must be provided for poisonous and hazardous workplaces and places where coke ovens and coal stoves are used to generate fire. Special personnel are responsible for keeping the air open and prevent poisoning accidents. Workers' dormitories must meet safety and hygiene standards, and ventilation and warmth must be properly solved. Chimney-free stoves are strictly prohibited. Wood and electric stoves are not allowed to be used for heating in dormitories. Bunk beds and pass shops are strictly prohibited. Fire extinguishers are installed in the dormitories and special persons are responsible for them. ;
(five) winter construction must be done non-slip work. For people on ramps and on-street transportation roads on scaffolds, there must be reliable anti-skid measures, especially non-slip strips for temporary roads, bridges, etc. If any damage is found, it must be repaired in time. After the heavy winds and heavy snowfalls should be checked in time. In addition to the timely removal of frost and snow, methods such as sprinkling furnace dust, sawdust, and sand can also be used to prevent slipping. Persons working in high places should dress themselves in comfort, hang their seat belts, and are not prepared to work in snow. Dangerous operation
(6) Explosion prevention work must be done during winter construction. Before using the heating boiler, it must be inspected by the technical, safety, and equipment departments before it can be used. The boiler maker should keep abreast of the boiler operation and have the means to take emergency measures. Inflammable and explosive explosives, detonators, fuses and liquefied gas tanks, etc., shall be specially supervised to ensure the safety of use; the acetylene Generator's insurance chain, insurance pots and insurance needles shall be effective and effective, and shall be heated in case of freezing. Water soluble, no open flame baking;
(7) Insulation materials, fuels, additives and heaters shall be kept away from sources of fire during on-site concrete curing;
(8) The closed-end management of the decoration stage works should be carried out, and fire extinguishers should be set up to keep the thin materials and paints safe.
(9) Smoking is strictly forbidden in the woodwork shed, and the finished product is stored separately from the wood. The sawdust and shavings produced must be cleared in time. The power and lighting circuits in the woodworking room must be erected to meet the safety requirements.
(10) For workers to strengthen safety and fire education, construction personnel of key projects shall carry out winter construction safety and fire safety admission education.
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