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Nano Diamond Thermometer
The “Guardian†website of the United Kingdom has combed the latest nanotechnology in recent reports, covering areas such as petroleum, solar energy, lasers, and basic physics.
Cheap "oil tiger"
Aerogel is a magical material that is made entirely of carbon, weighs only one-seventh of the air, and is currently the lightest material on Earth. Moreover, when aerogels are placed in oil, they can absorb substances 900 times their weight.
Porous and light-weight solids, such as aerogels, can be used in other fields besides clearing slicks. For example, they can be used as electrodes in supercharged batteries and can also be used to detect gas contaminants.
Scientists at Harbin Institute of Technology in China have recently developed a new carbon-based foam, which may not be as lightweight as aerogel, but it also has its own unique charm. This carbon-based foam can be made inexpensively from plastic-polyurethane foam, which is often used in packaging materials.
The team developed a method to quickly and easily empty the polyurethane to obtain a structure consisting of interconnected tubes (each tube less than 1 micron thick). Researchers in the Chemical World magazine pointed out that when this carbon-based foam is put into oil, it can absorb substances 100 times its weight.
In addition, during the manufacture of the carbon-based foam, the polyurethane can be immersed in a solution containing a metal such as iron or copper. In this way, the resultant foam has magnetic properties so that scientists can remotely control the foam. A bubble "every move." For example, it can be dispatched to a laboratory for water-oil separation; it can also be used to remove oil slicks.
Edible lasers
Scientists are developing miniature electronic and photonic devices that can be safely implanted in the human body to monitor vital signals from the body; detect it when the disease is still in its infancy; and help deliver the correct dose of medication. The ideal equipment is such that the manufacturing cost is low and can be absorbed directly by the body after completing its mission.
In fact, biocompatible implantable luminaires are now available, but scientists have found that they may be more useful if they can emit lasers in clinical applications. Since the 1970s, there have been physicists working on lasers that have begun trying to make organic materials similar to "jelly lasers." Although their tastes are not as sweet as ice, they can still be eaten safely because they are Made from a few carefully selected non-toxic materials.
Later, scientists used a large number of substances approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for testing, and found that vitamin B2 is a good choice for laser emission. To make a vitamin B2 laser, scientists sprayed a solution of vitamin B2 on a soft biopolymer film. As the solution slowly evaporates, droplets form and the vitamins fall into the thin film and self-assemble into "optical resonators" filled with laser fuel. In a laser device, the light radiation reciprocally reflects and propagates in the resonance direction inside the resonant cavity and passes through the material several times, thereby amplifying several times, and finally forms a powerful, direction-focused beam “laserâ€. In general, these resonant cavities consist of large, bulky mirrors.
Scientists believe that their "vitamin laser" is ultimately expected to be used as a biosensor to detect specific diseases. Professor Fiorenten Odomto, a biophotonics expert at Tufts University in the United States, believes that although this vitamin laser is exciting, it may take several years before it is actually used.
Seaweed with quantum properties
Researchers at the University of Vienna in Austria are studying simple aquatic organisms for a classical physics experiment, the Young's double-slit interference experiment. Young's double-slit interference experiment is considered to be one of the most beautiful ten scientific experiments in the history of physics, because it perfectly demonstrates a surprising principle in physics: the quantum mechanical effect that particles can move like a wave.
Young's double-slit interference experiments show that many particles such as electrons have this effect. When particles hit a screen with two openings (double slits), people initially thought that particles would pass through one of them and create two completely different vertices on the other side of the screen. However, the results show that these particles will pass through the double slits at the same time as the waves, and when the gap between the double slits is similar to the wavelength of the particles, an interference pattern will appear on the screen on the other side.
Scientists were surprised to find that if the double seam is small enough and the detection method is accurate enough, this phenomenon will occur even for particles larger than electrons and even molecules.
Although people need expensive nano-devices to make double slits small enough and accurate enough to perform such experiments, scientists at the University of Vienna have now proved that the skeleton of the Diabrotica diatomi is covered with 200-nanometer holes. It can do this well. In this way, people can use the tools that are freely available from the water to demonstrate quantum properties with little effort.
Hybrid solar technology
According to the Energy Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA-E) of the US Department of Energy, solar energy is becoming cheaper and cheaper at present, but its unique intermittent nature makes it possible to show its skills only at certain times. Only 5% of total US energy consumption.
In view of this, ARPA-E will invest 30 million U.S. dollars to fund several demonstration projects that allow photovoltaic technology and solar thermal technology to "marry". This "hybrid solar" technology is expected to work both at night and on cloudy days. Research is still in its infancy.
Some CSP stations need to concentrate sunlight in small, ultra-efficient solar cells, but the heat generated by concentrated sunlight will dissipate in the atmosphere. If these heat energy is collected, they can be stored for future generation. However, to do this requires a relatively high temperature, and high temperatures will damage the solar cells. Researchers are developing solar cells with higher temperature resistance.
Another possible solution is to separate the solar spectrum. Solar cells are very good at converting some light into electricity, but they are powerless for other light waves. People can use light that cannot be used effectively to find a way to use it to heat water and generate steam. According to MIT's Technical Review magazine, Todd Otanika, a professor of mechanical engineering at Tulsa University, is practicing this concept. He uses nanoparticles suspended in a transparent liquid to absorb long-wavelength light in the sunlight spectrum to generate heat and store it, while another part of the shorter-wavelength light passes through the nanoparticles into a solar cell and becomes electricity.
Nano Diamond Thermometer
Scientists now have a complete set of microscopy techniques that can easily observe what is happening inside the cell, but they have no way to accurately measure intracellular temperature changes, and such measurements may help to strengthen our understanding of temperature. Influencing understanding of very large biological mechanisms such as gene expression and cell metabolism.
To this end, scientists at Harvard University in the United States used a small diamond crystal to create a nanometer thermometer that, because of its unique quantum properties, has a precision of up to 2 percent Celsius when measuring temperature changes.
They injected this diamond thermometer with gold nanoparticles (gold nanoparticles can be used as a heating element after being excited by a laser) together into the living cells. The temperature inside the cells can be marked by the fluorescence spectrum emitted by the nanodiamonds.
In addition to providing scientists with new information on cell biology, this nano-diamond thermometer can also help researchers develop treatments related to controlling heating, such as killing malignant tumors. (Reporter Liu Xia)
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