Super hard network week news review (11.28~12.2)

1. Henan diamond enterprise transformation and survival industry in the winter under the technological innovation ( read the original )
From the establishment of Zhengzhou “Sanmao” in 1958, to the establishment of the State Key Laboratory of Superhard Material Abrasives, the concentration of Henan superhard materials industry has been continuously improved. In the context of China's superhard material production accounting for 90% of the global total, Henan's synthetic diamond production has accounted for 80% of the national total, becoming the world leader.
However, under the pressure of the global economic downturn in recent years, the low value-added traditional industrial diamond products are also facing problems such as export reduction and overcapacity. The super-hard materials enterprises headed by Yu Diamond, Yellow River Cyclone, Sifangda, etc. are advancing through adversity by adjusting product structure and expanding production chain.

2, the Chinese Academy of Sciences old expert technology center Shangqiu workstation unveiled will be connected with super-hard enterprises ( read the original )
On November 25th, the opening ceremony of the Shangqiu Workstation of the Old Expert Technology Center of the Chinese Academy of Sciences was held in the urban and rural integration demonstration zone.
In recent years, Shangqiu actively undertakes industrial transfer, fosters and develops leading industries such as superhard materials, electronic information and environmental protection equipment, and the carrier of industrial development is more complete. It is hoped that the Shangqiu Workstation of the old expert technology center of the Chinese Academy of Sciences will actively connect with enterprises, establish a scientific and technological research and development center, help enterprises solve problems in technological innovation and technology research and development, realize breakthroughs in core technologies, and become the "family" of enterprise technology innovation and technology services. To provide support for enterprises to achieve industry leading, bigger and stronger at home and abroad.

3, Henan plans to build a super-hard material intellectual property province within 5 years ( read the original )
Five years later, Henan Province has more than 10 effective invention patents per 10,000 population, and Henan famous trademarks reached 4,000. Yesterday, the reporter learned from the provincial government that the provincial government issued the “Henan Province Construction Supporting Intellectual Property Province Province Pilot Province” Implementation Plan, building a strong intellectual property province, Henan will re-emerge.
According to the "Program", Henan Province will further explore the "three-in-one" pilot reform of civil, administrative and criminal trials of intellectual property rights, and promote the establishment of intellectual property courts. At the same time, Henan Province will study and formulate the "Patent Awards for Henan Provincial People's Government" and establish the Henan Province Patent Award. Improve the incentive policies and compensation systems for researchers.
Henan Province will lead the construction of the national patent navigation (superhard materials) industrial development experimental zone, establish a patent navigation industry development mechanism, implement patent navigation engineering, and adopt high-growth industrial clusters such as electronic information industry and equipment manufacturing industry and bio-pharmaceuticals. Focusing on strategic emerging industries such as industry and new materials industry, 36 patent navigation industry development experimental zones will be established in industrial clusters with better industrial bases.

4. Save the world! Diamonds can turn nuclear waste into nuclear batteries ( read the original )
Physicists and chemists at the University of Bristol announced that they have found a way to convert thousands of tons of seemingly worthless nuclear waste into synthetic diamond batteries that last for thousands of years. More than the current history of the entire human race. They studied the UK's aging Magnox reactor nuclear waste, which was retired after more than half a century of service.
These first-generation reactors use graphite blocks as a regulator to slow down the neutron fission rate to keep the nuclear fission process stable, but decades of service have caused the UK to emit 95,000 tons of graphite blocks as nuclear waste because of radiation The reactor turns some of the inert carbon in the block into radioactive carbon-14. Although the carbon-14-emitting beta particles cannot penetrate a few centimeters of air, it is still too dangerous to enter the environment. The Bristol team removed most of the carbon-14 from the graphite block and turned it into a power-generating diamond instead of deep-buried.
Nuclear diamond batteries are based on the fact that when the synthetic diamond is exposed to radiation, it itself produces a small current. This makes it possible to build a battery that has no moving parts, no emissions and no maintenance. Bristol researchers found that carbon-14 was unevenly distributed in the graphite block and concentrated on the side closest to the uranium fuel rod. To produce the battery, the researchers heat the ink block, expel carbon-14 from the radioactive end, collect it, and turn it into a synthetic diamond using low pressure and high temperature.

5. Zhengzhou University (柘城) Superhard Materials Technology Research Center was established ( read the original )
After the preliminary inspection and consultation, on November 29, the Luancheng County People's Government and the School of Materials Science and Engineering of Zhengzhou University held a signing ceremony for the establishment of the “Zhengzhou University (柘城) Superhard Materials Technology Research Center” in Yucheng County. Chen Jingbo, Dean of School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Wang Ruibo, Deputy Secretary of School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, and Professor Lu Zhanling and Wang Hailong from Zhengzhou University School of Materials Science and Engineering attended the ceremony.
Zhengzhou University is a key institution in the national “211 Project” and a national “Central and Western University Comprehensive Improvement Plan”. It has a wealth of theoretical, scientific research, teaching and social resources, and a large number of highly sophisticated talents. For a long time, Zhengzhou University has provided important technical support in promoting the development of superhard materials and high-tech research and development in Yucheng County. The signing of the contract opened a new chapter in the cooperation between the School of Materials Science and Engineering of Zhengzhou University and Yucheng County, which will help to give full play to the advantages of the two industries in terms of industry, technology, talents and resources, and expand the broader development space and promote The transformation of scientific and technological achievements and the rapid and healthy development of Yucheng superhard materials industry.
Liang Hui, secretary of the Yucheng County Party Committee, said that the Yucheng County Party Committee and the county government will continue to increase their support for the cooperation between “political and enterprise schools” and “production, study and research” with this opportunity to sign the contract, and strengthen the construction of the “production, study and research” platform. The development of super-hard materials and scientific research in Yucheng County provides more technical support.

6, really long-lasting! Three-dimensional distribution of holes in diamond crystals can store large amounts of data ( read the original )
For decades, industrial diamonds, saw blades, and outer membranes of medical implants have been manufactured using synthetic diamonds that are comparable in hardness to natural diamonds. But scientists have recently discovered that artificially creating gaps in diamonds may make them useful in quantum computers. Studies have shown that quantum computers can calculate more than the sum of the atoms in the universe in one instant.
Scientists say that the seams on the diamond can be used to store information, just like the tiny "small pits" on CDs and DVDs. “We pioneered the discovery of diamonds as a platform for ultra-compact storage,” said Siddharth Dhomkar, a physicist at the City College of New York, the lead author of the study.
Some of the diamonds have some carbon atoms missing from their crystal structure, which constitutes some holes. Since some nitrogen atoms are accumulated around the holes, such defects are called nitrogen vacancy centers. The researchers conducted a series of experiments with such diamonds. Electrons are usually stored in these holes, thus giving the diamond a negative charge. However, researchers can turn it into neutral by sending a laser to the diamond. After absorbing the laser, the characteristics of the holes change: they do not flicker under the light, but they always maintain a dull color. This change is reversible and lasts for a long time, and low light exposure does not interfere with it.

7. Research on abrasive grinding of oxide ceramics ( read the original )
In this paper, the processing technology of ceramic materials is summarized, and the descriptions of grinding and finishing processes and processing steps of industrial ceramics are sorted out. In the first step, a large-grain processing tool is used to remove about 80% of the material and grind it at an increasing rate. In the second part, the grinding process is carried out using a small-grain grinding tool to reduce the amount of material removed. In the third step, the diamond fine powder and the diamond abrasive paste are used for finishing processing. After the third step is completed, a polishing process is usually performed to achieve a precision of 1-3 grades and a low surface roughness. The grinding and finishing of oxidized ceramic VSH-75 material was analyzed. The experiment found that the processing performance of diamond micropowder is 15-30 times that of fused corundum and green silicon carbide micropowder. The amount of material removed and the surface roughness increase as the particle size increases. In order to achieve a surface roughness of Rz = 0.8 μm, it is recommended to use synthetic diamond micropowder ASM20 material. In addition, the experiment also studied the influence of the contact pressure of the workpiece in the range of 20-150 kPa on the grinding process. As the contact pressure increases in the range of 20-50 kPa, the total amount of abrasive material increases significantly while the diamond powder consumption and surface roughness are significantly reduced. When the contact pressure continues to increase to 150 kPa, the effect on the process parameters is small, and cracks appear on the surface of the tool, resulting in deterioration of the shape of the tool. The optimum contact pressure range for finishing ceramics using cast iron grinding SCH-28 is 50-100 kPa.

8. Great progress has been made in the research project of Fu Nike fine car high alloy cylinder liner ( read the original )
The cylinder liner is a cylindrical part of the automobile engine. When the cylinder liner is working, its inner surface is directly affected by high temperature and high pressure gas, and it always has high speed sliding friction with the piston ring and the piston skirt, so the strength, rigidity and resistance of the cylinder liner are There are strict requirements for thermal and wear resistance, and higher requirements are imposed on turning tools for machining cylinder liners.
In order to overcome this problem, Fu Nike has set up a special research and development project to further strengthen and improve the processing life of a variety of high-alloy cast iron cylinder liners. The R&D R&D team has continued to innovate and optimize with a large number of cutting tests. The CBN tooling life and processing stability of the cylinder liners have been greatly improved, bringing considerable benefits to customers. Through CBN material innovation optimization → chipbreaker groove type innovation optimization → edge quality innovation optimization, has successfully surpassed an imported CBN tool, and better serve customers with cost-effective products combined with complete system solutions.

9. Close to the “death line” The actual tax rate of Chinese enterprises is nearly 40%! ( read the original )
The survey report has three data that are particularly dazzling:
The first is the answer to the tax burden. Entrepreneurs believe that the tax burden is very heavy and heavier, up to 87%; only 8% are considered acceptable for taxation; only 1% are considered lighter and lighter.
Second, the actual tax burden rate of Chinese companies is close to 40%. We must know that in China, except for emerging industries and finance, most companies have profit margins of less than 10%.
Third, if the “total tax rate” (referred to as the ratio of corporate taxes and compulsory contributions to commercial profits) in the World Bank’s World Development Indicators is measured, the tax burden of Chinese enterprises is 68.7% in 2013, which is not only significantly higher. In developed countries, it is also significantly higher than developing countries Thailand and South Africa, only slightly lower than Brazil. In 2014 and 2015, China continued to maintain a high level of 68.5% and 67.8%.
A clear conclusion is that China's existing taxation, whether it is macro tax burden or the overall tax burden of enterprises, far exceeds that of many developed and developing countries, and the tax rate is close to the “death line” of enterprises. .
Every time we talk about China's tax burden, everyone will think of Forbes's global tax burden pain index list many years ago, China ranks second in the global tax burden pain index. Although the relevant departments have repeatedly proved that China's macro tax burden is not high with its own formula, in fact, all the tax burdens are calculated, and China's macro tax burden has already rushed to the Premier League. Responsible scholars mostly agree that China's macro tax burden should be at 37%-40%, while the current US macro tax burden is less than 30%.

10, 2016 China's entanglement: depreciation and exchange rate myth ( read the original )
Since 2015, the renminbi, which was originally unpredictable, has increasingly become the most important dimension affecting the Chinese economy.
At the end of 2016, the renminbi continued to fall, and the central parity rate against the US dollar hit an eight-year low, and it was reported at 6.9168 on November 25. In the middle of the year, many people still regard 6.7 as an important gateway. In October, FT held an annual forum. I hosted the chief economist round table. Most economists saw 6.8 in the trend of the RMB this year. This is actually the mainstream view of the market at that time. However, at the end of November, the renminbi has fallen below 6.9. If it is not the strong shot of the Chinese central bank, it is a matter of time.
Why is the renminbi lower? In addition to the recent impact of the dollar's rise, thinking over a long period of time, the clues will be clearer. This is first and foremost a market correction for past unilateral appreciation. Since the end of 2010, the renminbi has been rising all the way, and it has been depreciating since mid-2014. During the period, the renminbi has appreciated against the dollar from around 6.8, with the highest close to 6.1 and a correction of 6.9. In addition to the changes in the exchange rate curve, it corresponds to the economic picture of Chinese residents buying and buying and various types of enterprises going to sea. For this reason, the current renminbi is lower, first of all, the past has risen a lot, this is the most intuitive understanding.
Second, think longer, not only should we see the depreciation of the renminbi, but also the changes in the exchange rate system. The past appreciation trend of the renminbi brought about a lot of foreign political pressure on China, and also made the renminbi's so-called managed floating exchange rate system progress slowly; correspondingly, with the depreciation trend of the renminbi opening, 2015 811 "The exchange reform and the RMB participation in SDR (Special Drawing Rights) this year, the central parity mechanism of the RMB exchange rate has basically taken shape, that is, the "closing exchange rate + a basket of currency exchange rate changes" system has taken shape.
The renminbi issue has gradually become a hot spot. How to understand the extra fierce depreciation trend of the renminbi? The author also participated in many related seminars. FT中文网 also conducted a lot of special discussions. Scholars, officials, and the industry's understanding framework for the RMB in different fields have some hidden points and some lost.

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