According to the report of the Physicist Organization Network on September 12 (Beijing time), an international research team led by a physicist at the University of Toronto used transparent tape for the first time to induce high-temperature superconductivity in semiconductors. This approach paves the way for the development of new types of devices that can be used for quantum computers and energy efficiency. The related paper was published in the "Nature-Communication" magazine published on September 11.
High-temperature superconductivity is a physical phenomenon and usually refers to superconductivity that occurs in liquid nitrogen environments for substances that have a higher critical temperature than other superconducting substances. High-temperature superconductor refers to a material that can conduct electricity at a liquid nitrogen temperature without losing energy without heating, and generally refers to a material that superconducts above the liquid nitrogen temperature. They are currently used for low-loss power transmission and can be used as basic components for next-generation devices such as quantum computers.
When people discovered superconductors in 1911, they were attracted by their peculiar properties, namely zero resistance, antimagnetism, and quantum tunneling. However, in the period up to 75 years after that, all discovered superconductors could only show superconductivity at extremely low temperatures. In addition, only specific iron compounds and copper oxides exhibit high-temperature superconductivity, but copper oxides have completely different structures and complex chemical compositions, making them unable to combine with general semiconductors. Practical applications are also very limited, and exploring the new effects they can produce also becomes particularly important. For example, to observe the proximity effect of materials, that is, superconductivity in one kind of material can cause other adjacent ordinary semiconductors to also produce superconductivity. Since basic quantum mechanics requires near perfect contact between the two materials, the above situation is very difficult to happen.
The research team leader, the school's physicist Kenneth Boch, said: "Usually, the interface material between semiconductors and superconductors needs to undergo a complex growth process to form, and tools to be made are also better than human hair. The interface is exactly where the transparent tape is attached in this test.†The team used transparent tape and glass slides to place the high-temperature superconductor, making it close to a special type of semiconductor—a topological insulator. Topological insulators, like most semiconductors, have a very metallic surface that allows charge to move. This is because inside the topological insulator, the electronic energy band structure is similar to a conventional insulator, and its Fermi energy level is between the conduction band and the valence band. There are some special quantum states on the surface of the topological insulator. These quantum states are located in the bandgap of the band structure of the bulk, allowing electrical conduction. Therefore, high-temperature superconductivity has also been induced for the first time in this novel semiconductor. (Reporter Zhang Hao)
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