Pump mechanical seal a wide range of different models, but there are five main points of leakage: (l) the seal between the shaft sleeve and the shaft; (2) the seal between the moving ring and the shaft sleeve; (3) ; (4) the seal between the stationary ring and the ring seat; (5) the seal between the seal cap and the pump body. Generally speaking, it is relatively easy to find out and solve the leakage between the extended shaft of the sleeve and the seal cap and the pump body. However, careful observation is required, especially when the working medium is liquefied gas or high pressure, toxic and harmful gas some. The rest of the leakage intuitively difficult to distinguish and judge, to be long-term management, maintenance practice, based on the leakage symptoms observed, analyzed and judged in order to draw the correct conclusion. First, the leakage analysis and judgment 1. Leakage during static test. Mechanical seal installation and commissioning is good, the general should be static test, observe the amount of leakage. If the leakage is small, mostly ring or static ring seal problems; leakage is large, then that dynamic and static friction ring there is a problem. In the initial observation of the leakage, to determine the leakage site, based on manual observation disk, if the leakage was no significant changes in the static and dynamic ring seal problems; such as the disk when there is a significant change in leakage can be concluded that the move, Static friction ring there is a problem; such as the leakage of media along the axial injection, the dynamic ring seal there are many problems, leakage to the surrounding medium jet or water leakage from the hole, the more static ring failure. In addition, the leak channel can exist at the same time, but generally there are major and minor differences, as long as careful observation, familiar with the structure, we must be able to correctly judge. 2. Leakage during commissioning. Pump mechanical seal after static test, the centrifugal force generated by high-speed rotation of the operation, will inhibit the media leakage. Therefore, the test run when the mechanical seal leakage excludes the seal between the shaft and the end cover, basically due to dynamic and static friction ring caused by damage. The main factors that cause the failure of the friction seal are: (1) the operation, due to time, cavitation, pressure and other anomalies, causing a large axial force, the dynamic and static contact surface separation; (2) Mechanical seal when the amount of compression is too large, leading to serious friction end face wear, abrasions; (3) ring seal is too tight, the spring can not adjust the axial displacement of the moving ring; (4) (5) There is granular material in the working medium, into the friction pair in operation, flaw detection dynamic and static ring seal face; (6) design selection is wrong, the seal Low end pressure or sealing materials such as larger shrinkage. These phenomena often appear in the trial operation, and sometimes can be eliminated by adjusting the static ring seat, etc., but most need to re-disassemble, replace the seal. 3. Suddenly leak during normal operation. Sudden leakage of centrifugal pump in operation a few due to normal wear and tear or have reached the service life, most of which is due to larger changes in conditions or operation and maintenance caused by improper. (2) the actual output of the pump is too small, a large number of media pump cycle, heat accumulation, causing gasification of the medium, resulting in seal failure; (3) Return flow is too large, resulting in inhalation side of the tube side of the container (tower, kettle, tank, pool) at the bottom of sediment damage, damage to the seal; (4) for a long time outage, restart without manual turning, friction due to adhesion And tear the sealing surface; (5) medium corrosive, polymeric, colloidal substances increased; (6) dramatic changes in ambient temperature; (7) frequent changes or adjustments in operating conditions; (8) sudden power failure or downtime . Centrifugal pump in normal operation, a sudden leak, if not found in time, often lead to a larger accident or loss, we must pay attention to and take effective measures. Second, pump mechanical seal maintenance in several errors 1. The larger the spring compression, the better the sealing effect. In actual fact, the spring compression is too large, can lead to rapid wear and tear of the friction pair, instantaneous burning; excessive compression of the spring lost the ability to adjust the dynamic ring end face, leading to seal failure. 2. Moving ring seal chart as tight as possible. In fact, the ring is too tight moving ring harmless. One is to exacerbate the wear and tear between the seal ring and the sleeve, premature leakage; the other is to increase the axial resistance of the moving ring, the resistance to movement, can not be adjusted in time when the working conditions change frequently; thirdly, Is to move the ring ring deformation, affecting the sealing effect. 3. Static ring seal as tight as possible. Static ring seal is basically static, the relatively tight seal will be better, but too tight is also harmful. First, the static ring seal caused by over-deformation, affecting the sealing effect; Second, static graphite material to the majority, generally more brittle, excessive stress can easily cause fragmentation; Third, the installation and removal difficulties, can easily damage the static ring. 4. Impeller lock mother tighter and better. Mechanical seal leakage, the sleeve and shaft leakage (shaft leakage) is more common. Generally believed that the leakage between the shaft impeller lock is not locked, in fact, leading to leakage between the shaft more factors, such as the shaft pad failure, offset, impurities within the shaft, shaft and sleeve with a larger shape Bit error, contact surface damage, there is a gap between the various components on the shaft, the shaft thread is too long and so will lead to shaft leakage. Lock over lock only lead to premature failure of the shaft pad, on the contrary, lock the lock body, so that the shaft pad always maintain a certain degree of compression flexibility, in operation, the lock will automatically lock in time, the shaft is always in good Sealed state. 5. New better than the old. Relatively speaking, the use of new mechanical seal effect is better than the old, but the new mechanical seal quality or material selection is not appropriate, with the larger size error will affect the sealing effect; In polymeric and permeability medium, the static ring without excessive Wear, or not replaced as well. Because the static ring in the static ring seat for a long time in a quiescent state, the polymer and impurities deposited as one, played a better seal. 6. Disassembly is better than not demolished. In the event of a mechanical seal leak eager to repair, in fact, sometimes the seal is not damaged, just adjust the condition or adjust the seal to eliminate leakage. This will not only avoid waste but also to verify their own ability to judge the failure to accumulate maintenance experience to improve the quality of maintenance.
Meniscus cylinder Lens can increase the NA of the system while only adding slightly to the total spherical aberrations. The Negative Meniscus cylinder Lens is used to increase the focal length of another Cylindrical Lens while maintaining the angular resolution of the optical assembly. This lens shape is best used when one conjugate is relatively far from the cylindrical lens.
Some styles of cylindrical lenses have antireflective coatings to increase the transmission of light through the lens.
Fused silica cylinder lenses are ideal for demanding laser machining and medical applications.
Negative Meniscus cylinder lens
Positive Meniscus cylinder Lens
Specification of our meniscus cylinder lens or Plano-Convex Cylindrical Lens as follow:
*Material: BK7,Ge,UV-grade fuse silica(JGS1,JGS2,JGS3)or other optical materials
*Dimension Tolerance: +0.0 -- -0.1mm
*Center Thickness: +/-0.1mm
*Focal Length Tolerance: +/-1%
*Surface Quality:20/10
*Surface Figure: lambda/2 at 633nm on plano side
*Clear Aperture>90%
*Chamfer: 0.25mm at 45 degree typical
*Coating Optional
Meniscus Cylinder Lens,Optical Glass Meniscus Cylinder Lens,Meniscus Spheric Lens,Meniscus Cylindrical Lens
China Star Optics Technology Co.,Ltd. , http://www.realpoooptics.com