Non-polluted production technology of Xiaojianjiao after autumn extension

According to our practice and exploration in recent years, in strict accordance with the requirements of pollution-free production technology, Xiaojianjiao has achieved good economic and social benefits in the post-expansion facility cultivation. The output value per 667m2 is about 4,000 yuan, and the high is 5,000 yuan. Above, in order to develop the rural economy, farmers have opened up a new path. The pollution-free production technology of Xiaojianjiao autumn post-expansion facility cultivation is summarized as follows. î€„

1 cultural environment î€„

The atmosphere, soil, water source and other conditions of the small pepper production site must meet the relevant national standards. The soil is selected to be loose and fertile, the organic matter content is high, and the irrigation and drainage are convenient. The field where the cane and fruit vegetables have not been planted before. î€„

2 varieties to choose î€„

Small pepper varieties choose chicken feet Ã— Jilin, also known as the mouth of the early pepper. The plant is medium in size and has strong branching. The first flower is born in 8 to 10 knots, the flower is white, the fruit is drooping, the long pointed shape is generally 13-15 cm long, emerald green, the gloss is good, the spicy taste is medium. It has the characteristics of early maturity, cold resistance, disease resistance, many results and fast growth. Small peppers are not spicy, good quality and good quality, very suitable for hotels and restaurants. After the autumn extension, the facility cultivation generally produces 1500-2000kg per 667mî€‹2, and the harvesting period is from mid-September to December. î€„

3 cultivation techniques î€„

3.1 Sowing seedlings Xiaojianjiao After the autumn extension, the facility should be planted in the middle of July to the beginning of August, and the amount of 667m2 should be 25-50g. The seedling raising process is carried out in the greenhouse, and the shade net is used to cover the cooling. 7 to 10 days before sowing, the seedbed should be well prepared. The seedbed should be fertile, ventilated and cool. The width is about 1.2m, the length is arbitrary, the soil surface is fine and flat, and the soil is disinfected with 50% carbendazim 8-10g per meter. . The seeds are first immersed in water for 4 to 5 hours, and then immersed in a 1% copper sulphate solution for 5 minutes, and rinsed with water to sown. Before planting, pour the bottom water, then evenly sprinkle the seeds, about 10g per meter of seedbed, cover a layer of nutrient soil about 0.5~1cm thick after sowing, and then cover with a layer of shade net or grass to moisturize. When a small amount of seeds are emerged, the cover should be removed in time; when 2 to 4 true leaves are used, they can be transplanted into the nutrient bowl to cultivate strong seedlings. The nutrient soil is selected from the vegetable garden soil which has not been planted with solanaceous vegetables for more than 3 years, and the non-polluted garbage sludge, the decomposed human excrement and the pig manure after being sifted and sifted, the weight ratio is 6:3.5:0.5, and the mixture is stacked for one month. Can be used later. Due to the high temperature, the seedlings grow fast, the nutrient cockroaches are extremely prone to water shortage and drought, and watering should be timely according to the specific conditions. î€„

3.2 Land preparation and selection of fields with deep soil layers, no species of solanaceous vegetables, construction of greenhouses or use of existing greenhouse facilities. 15 days before planting, 3000 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer and 40 kg of compound fertilizer per 667 m2 were used as base fertilizer, sprinkled on the soil surface, and ploughed into the soil by rotary tiller or artificial tillage. It is built into a shovel with a width of 1.3m and a turtle shape. 6m standard shed is built 4ç•¦, 8m wide shed is built 6ç•¦. Cover the mulch, and allow the laying of the dropper under conditions. î€„

3.3 Planting

When the seedling age is about 30 days, and the seedlings have 5 to 9 true leaves, they are selected for sunny planting. 2 rows per plant, plant spacing 25 ~ 30cm, 667m2 planted 3000 ~ 3500 plants. î€„

3.4 Fertilizer management After planting and surviving, it can be used to promote vegetative growth by pouring 1~2 times of diluted manure water or 1% compound fertilizer according to the growth of seedlings. Before the result, it is generally no longer topdressing, in order to prevent the plants from growing up, causing the flowers to fall. After 4 to 6 fruits are hung, the fertilizer is applied in a timely manner, and 667m2 is applied with 10~15kg of compound fertilizer. Capsicum has the performance of continuous flowering results, as long as the conditions such as light temperature and water and fertilizer are suitable, the results can be continuously flowered. Therefore, after entering the harvesting period, it is necessary to chase the fertilizer once every 15 to 20 days, and apply a total of 3 to 4 times of fertilizer, and apply 10 kg of compound fertilizer each time. Fertilizer can be applied by acupuncture, pouring or by drip irrigation. In the initial flowering stage, full flowering stage, and high-yield period, spray 600 times of liquid love to increase the fruit setting, improve the quality and yield. During the harvesting period, 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate can be sprayed 2 to 3 times to carry out foliar topdressing. î€„

3.5 Water management Xiaojianjiao has a large amount of water for cultivation after the autumn, and the water is too dry and weak, and it is easy to onset. The over-humidified plants are prone to lodging. Each time the water is filled with semi-dry and semi-wet, it can be watered, furrowed or drip. Drip irrigation water supply can keep the soil loose, save water and labor, and the best effect. In order to avoid excessive humidity in the shed after the shed, as long as the soil is not too dry, the water is no longer watered in principle. î€„

3.6 Temperature management The temperature of the small pepper is high in the early stage of growth. The greenhouse should be ventilated on all sides. The temperature in the shed exceeds 30 Â°C. The apical membrane should be properly ventilated and covered with a shade net to cool down. After mid-October, as the temperature drops, the surrounding skirts should be buckled at night and uncovered during the day. In the rainy days, the temperature and humidity in the greenhouse are flexibly arranged to ventilate and ventilate. When the minimum temperature of the outside world drops to 15 Â°C, the whole shed should be buckled at night, and the air is temporarily ventilated at noon to reduce the humidity in the shed. It is most suitable to master the daytime temperature at 25-30 Â°C and the night temperature above 15 Â°C. After mid-November, there is basically no ventilation, and a layer of inner membrane cold insulation must be added to maximize the shed temperature, extend the harvest period, increase the later production, and improve the efficiency. î€„

4 pest control î€„

4.1 Comprehensive management implements the plant protection policy of â€œprevention first, comprehensive preventionâ€, through cultivating strong seedlings, cultivation management, improving and optimizing the growth environment of small peppers, creating an environmental condition that is not conducive to the occurrence of pests and diseases; giving priority to agricultural control and physical control And biological control, if necessary, use chemical control, prohibit the use of high-toxic and high-residue pesticides prohibited by the state, promote the use of high-efficiency, low-toxicity and low-residue pesticides, and strictly follow the safe interval. î€„

4.2 Agricultural control includes strengthening cultivation management, implementing a rotation system, rationally arranging gargles, and selecting agronomic measures such as fields that have not been planted with solanaceous vegetables. Specifically, such as seed treatment, seedbed disinfection, cultivation of disease-free pests and strong seedlings; high temperature septic sterilization; clean pastoral, timely removal of diseased plants, diseased branches, diseased leaves, diseased fruits, etc., reducing the number of pests and diseases; fine management, improving the vegetable environment Wait. î€„

4.3 Physical control When planting, cover with silver-gray mulch, or insert small bamboo pieces and hang silver-gray strips to avoid sputum, or hang yellow sticky worms in the greenhouse to stick to mites and white meal; cover with insect net to block Insect pests invade the shed and spawn eggs; or use frequency-vibration insecticidal lamps, sex attractants, etc. to trap the insects of the genus Noctuidae, thereby killing adults, reducing the amount of eggs laid in the field, reducing the number of pests, controlling pests and vegetables, and minimizing With or without chemical pesticides. î€„

4.4 Chemical prevention and control rational use of pesticides, the use of high-toxic and high-residue chemical pesticides is strictly prohibited, and some high-efficiency and low-toxic chemical pesticides are used to a limited extent, and they are reasonably rotated, alternately used, can be treated without treatment, and can be picked after the safety interval. Listing. The main diseases of Xiaojianjiao autumn extension facilities are virus disease, epidemic disease, anthracnose disease and so on. Viral disease is the main disease in the whole growth period. It can be sprayed with 20% virus a 500-700 times in the initial stage of the disease, once every 7 days, even 2 to 3 times, or 1.5% phytotoxic milk 1000-1500 times liquid spray. Plants with serious damage should be removed and destroyed to avoid infection. The disease is mainly based on prevention. It can be used with 25% metalaxyl WP 500 times solution, 64% anti-virus çŸ¾ 500 times solution or 72% DuPont gram lot 600-800 times solution, sprayed once every 7 to 10 days, combined with irrigation Continuous control 2 to 3 times. Anthracnose can be sprayed once every 5 to 7 days with 50% of anthrax melamine WP 800 times or 25% of carbene 600 times, and sprayed 2 to 3 times. The main pests are whitefly, aphids, red spiders, thrips, sassafras and tobacco budworms. Whitefly and aphids will transmit viral diseases, and should be prevented as soon as possible. The agent can be sprayed with 10% sputum or 10% 2,000-3000 times. Red spider, ocher, and thrips can be sprayed with 1.8% Aifuding EC 2000 times or 1% Insecticidal 3000 times. Tobacco budworm should be sprayed and controlled in the young age. It can be sprayed with 5% taibao 2000 times solution, 10% chlorpyrifos 2000 times solution or 5% ruthen 2000-3000 times solution. The spray should focus on the upper part of the plant. In the tender part, spray once every 5 to 7 days, and spray 2 to 3 times. î€„

5 pesticide residues î€„

Before harvesting the small pepper, it is necessary to use the pesticide residue test card for vegetables to go to Tiantou to conduct a qualitative test of pesticide residues. If the pesticide exceeds the standard, it should not be listed. Unscheduled and frequent pesticide residue testing was carried out on small pepper during the whole harvest period. After the small pepper is harvested, it is necessary to strictly control the use of chemical pesticides, and each time the drug is tested, it can be marketed. î€„

6 harvesting standards, packaging, transportation î€„

6.1 Harvesting standard Harvest fresh and tender green fruit in a timely manner, the length is 6 ~ 8cm, uniform size, no deformity, disease spots, plaque, bright color.

6.2 Packaging Requirements Packaging (box, basket, bag) is uniform, firm, clean, dry, breathable, non-polluting, odor-free, and mildew-free. The place of production, net content, production unit (farmers) and harvest date should be indicated on the package. î€„

6.3 Transportation and transportation tools should be clean and non-polluting, lightly loaded and unloaded during transportation, and strictly prevent mechanical damage, and pay attention to sun protection, rain, high temperature and ventilation to prevent secondary pollution.

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