What is an antistatic agent?
The antistatic agent is an ionizable additive. The glass fiber is difficult to generate static electricity by reducing the friction coefficient, and the cationic quaternary ammonium lubricant and the imidazoline lubricant have antistatic effects. A conductive path is formed to allow charge to be quickly removed from the surface of the fiber. For organic antistatic agents, such as polyoxyethylene castor oil, polyoxyethylene laurate, polyethylene glycol and the like. They all contain ether segments, which are easily combined with moisture in the air by hydrogen bonds to form conductive channels. These hygroscopic organic compounds are used together with ionic quaternary ammonium salts, tertiary amine salts or carboxylate organic compounds. Get better antistatic effects.
Type of antistatic agent
Depending on the chemical composition, antistatic agents can be classified into sulfuric acid derivatives, phosphoric acid derivatives, amines, quaternary ammonium salts, imidazoles, and ethylene oxide derivatives.
According to whether the hydrophilic group in the antistatic agent molecule can be ionized, it is divided into two types: ionic type and non-ionic type. The ionic antistatic agent is further classified into three types: cationic type, anionic type and zwitterionic type according to the positive and negative charges of the ionization.
1, cationic antistatic agent
(1) Monofunctional group: stearyltrimethyl quaternary ammonium hydrochloride, mainly used for polyolefin, aBS, polycarbonate, and the like.
(2) Bifunctional group: antistatic agent stearamidopropyl hydroxyethyl quaternary ammonium nitrate, mainly used as antistatic agent for polyester, polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene thin and products.
2, anionic antistatic agent
(1) Monofunctional antistatic agent sodium p-nonylphenoxypropyl sulfonate (NP), mainly used for chloroacetic resin, aBS, polyolefin, and the like.
(2) The multifunctional antistatic agent alkyl bis(α-hydroxyethylamine phosphate) is mainly used for synthetic fibers.
(3) The polymer type antistatic agent is a salt of a polyacrylate, a copolymer of maleic anhydride and another unsaturated monomer, polystyrene benzenesulfonic acid, or the like. Mainly used for fiber.
3, non-ionic antistatic agent
(1) Tetrabromobisphenol a is mainly used for aBS, epoxy resin, and polyurethane. It is also a flame retardant.
(2) Stearic acid monoglycerides, such as aDa-10M and aSa-10, are mainly used for polyolefins.
4. Amphoteric antistatic agent
(1) Alkyl dicarboxymethyl ammonium lactone, mainly used for polyester, nylon, and the like.
(2) Dodecyl dimethyl quaternary ethylene salt, mainly used for polyester, polypropylene, nylon, and the like.
Various antistatic agents have different chemical properties and different properties, and the effects are different.
Cationic quaternary ammonium salts have strong adhesion to polymer materials and good antistatic properties. They are a kind of antistatic agent used in plastics, but they are irritating to the skin and toxic. Food packaging film.
Anionic antistatic agents, usually have no effect on the skin, and do not affect the coloration of plastics, but are rarely used in plastics except for acid alkyl phosphates or salts and alkyl sulphates.
Generally, the anti-static property of the non-ionic type is inferior to that of the ionic type, but the thermal stability is good, and it is not easy to cause aging of the plastic, and is particularly suitable for use under low temperature conditions; and it can also be used together with an anionic or cationic antistatic agent.
The most important feature of the amphoteric antistatic agent is its ability to be used with an anionic or cationic type. They all have strong adhesion to the polymer and thus exhibit excellent antistatic properties.
How to use antistatic agent
Depending on the mode of use, antistatic agents can be classified into two types: external coating type and internal mixing type.
(1) The overcoat type antistatic agent refers to a type of antistatic agent used for coating on the surface of a polymer material. Generally, it is formulated into a solution having a mass fraction of 0.5% to 2.0% by water or ethanol, and then adhered to the surface of the polymer material by coating, spraying or dipping, and then dried at room temperature or hot air. An antistatic coating is formed. These are mostly cationic antistatic agents, and some are amphoteric and anionic antistatic agents.
(2) The internal mixed type antistatic agent refers to a type of antistatic agent added to the resin during the processing of the product. The resin and the antistatic agent added with 0.3% to 3.0% of its mass are usually mechanically mixed and then processed. Such non-ionic and polymeric permanent antistatic agents are mainly used, and anionic and cationic types can also be added in some varieties.
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