How to upgrade the "Made in China" strategy

Since the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" period, China's economic growth has entered a new normal, and the economic growth rate has shown a gradual decline. In 2015, the official promulgation of "Made in China 2025" means that the "Made in China" strategic upgrade in the next 10 years has been put on the agenda. The document clearly pointed out that we should vigorously develop a new generation of key industries such as information and aerospace, and gradually promote the development of China's manufacturing industry to service-oriented and service-oriented industries. The introduction of a new policy for industrial development is bound to be compatible with the current national industrial economic environment, and certainly an inevitable choice under the new economic environment. On the one hand, the global industrial transformation and upgrading situation is remarkable, and the manufacturing industry has once again become the pillar industry of the economically developed countries. Instead of simply pursuing GDP growth, China has turned its policy objectives into adjusting the economic structure and promoting industrial upgrading. As China enters the new economic normal stage, the "Made in China" strategic upgrade is more in line with the inherent laws of industrial structure development and innovation, and is also consistent with China's new economic development. On the other hand, under the new economic environment, problems such as the imbalance of China's manufacturing industry, the gradual weakening of the labor force dividend advantage, and the increase in industrial structure pressure are all obvious, which will inevitably affect the development of “Made in China”. In order to alleviate this phenomenon, we should learn from the industrialization strategy of developed countries, fully understand and analyze the operational efficiency of China's traditional industries, and further accelerate the promotion of “Made in China” according to the goals and requirements set forth in “Made in China 2025” and the combination of industrial base and internal motivation. "Strategic upgrade process.
China has become the world's largest commodity production and trade center in terms of the industrial base and the internal motivation of the “Made in China” strategy under the new economic normal . The scale of commodity production in a country is directly related to the size of the country's commodity trade, which affects the country's commodity industry's position in global industrial development and its value in the global industrial value chain. Since the end of the 1970s, China has changed the status quo of traditional commodity production and trade, and has begun to use the power of reform and opening up to focus on improving the global competitiveness of the manufacturing industry. According to relevant data, China’s merchandise export volume in the 1980s was only 18 billion U.S. dollars, accounting for less than 1% of the total global merchandise export volume. However, in the same period, the scale of merchandise exports from developed countries such as Germany and Japan was It has reached 10.65 times and 7.20 times of China's export scale respectively. After more than 30 years of reform and opening up, China's commodity production and trade scale has continued to expand, and its position in the global industrial division of labor has been increasing. As of 2015, the scale of China's merchandise exports reached 14.14 trillion yuan, and the scale of trade surplus continued to expand, becoming a veritable commodity production and trade center.
In addition, the scale advantage of China's manufacturing industry is increasingly significant. As the main body of China's national economy, the manufacturing industry has grown rapidly in the context of rapid economic growth. In terms of trade division, the export volume of China's manufacturing industry in the early 1980s was only 8.7 billion US dollars, accounting for 0.8% of the total manufacturing exports of the world. It is far from the developed countries such as Germany, Japan and the United States. In recent years, under the positive effects of demographic dividends and global dividends, China's manufacturing industry has experienced tremendous development. As early as 2013, the proportion of China's manufacturing exports has increased from 0.8% in the 1980s to 17.53%. The manufacturing export ratio of many developed countries is decreasing year by year. At present, the scale of China's manufacturing industry has surpassed that of the United States, Germany, Japan and other countries, and the scale advantage is very significant.
In terms of internal motivation, first of all, China's industrial structure is large and weak, and regional development is not balanced. At this stage, China is the world's largest manufacturing trade surplus country with significant scale advantages. However, as a whole, the industrialization level of manufacturing industry is still relatively low, the degree of modernization is not high, and the development of high-end manufacturing industry is still in a downturn, forming the current state of China. The status quo of manufacturing industry institutions is large and weak. Not only that, in terms of regional development, China's manufacturing industry shows an uneven trend in industrial distribution. The eastern coastal areas are the gathering places of manufacturing industries, and the industrial agglomeration effect and scale effect are strong, while the central and western regions are relatively more developed in the manufacturing industry. Weak, the gap between things is obvious.
Second, China's demographic dividend advantage has gradually weakened. Judging from the natural growth trend of the population, the stage characteristics of China's population growth are obvious. In the early 1960s, in the three years of natural disasters, China’s population birth rate and mortality rate increased rapidly, making the population of children grow faster, leading to an increase in population liabilities. In the 60s and 90s of the last century, the labor force population increased further, and the dependency coefficient of children and the elderly population was relatively low, thus forming a low-cost labor force, and the demographic dividend advantage was prominent. After the 1990s, the growth rate of the labor force has decreased, and the demographic dividend has gradually turned into a population debt. The original demographic dividend advantage is gradually weakening.
Again, the pressure on industrial structure has increased. Currently affected by the new economic normal, the evolution of industrial structure and the economic environment maintain a high degree of consistency. In other words, the weakening of the demographic dividend brought by the new economic normal, the slowdown of economic growth and the imbalance of regional development also restrict the optimization and upgrading of the industrial structure of the manufacturing industry. At present, China's industrial structure has gradually changed to a tertiary industry, and the proportion of industrial structure in manufacturing has declined. As of 2014, the proportion of the tertiary industry was only 48.2%. China's manufacturing industry showed a phenomenon of low service, intelligence, and innovation, and the pressure on industrial structure.
To achieve the strategic upgrade of “Made in China” under the new economic normal, we should continue to accelerate innovation-driven transformation. In the context of the current economic development stage, in order to further realize the actual needs of China's economic growth, it is necessary to transform the traditional investment drive on the basis of fully adapting to the characteristics of the staged development of productivity, so as to drive the economic growth drive with innovation. In the past few years, China's rapid GDP growth has brought about a huge industrial scale. At the same time, high investment and high cost have also caused problems such as industrial structure imbalance, industrial homogenization, and uneven industrial distribution. This shows that the traditional investment economy The growth pattern cannot meet the needs of current and future social and economic development. At present, China's manufacturing industry is marching toward intelligence and innovation, and its industrial investment form should also be transformed into a way driven by innovative investment. Through marketization, we will cultivate the main body of industrial innovation and make full use of the innovation of the market, government, and enterprises to enhance industrial development.
Continuously optimize the industrial value chain. As far as China's industrial value chain is concerned, on the basis of continuous improvement of market resource allocation, it is required to optimize and reconstruct the industrial value chain. First, actively rebuild the industrial value chain. In accordance with the new requirements for regional development, we will deeply implement policies such as revitalizing the old industrial bases in the northeast and the development of the western region, and continuously promote the implementation of new economic policies such as the Free Trade Zone and the “Belt and Road” to realize the reconstruction of China’s industrial spatial layout. To improve the entire industry value chain and ensure the coordination of the interests of the industrial economy in the region. Second, actively integrate into the international industrial division of labor. Through the improvement of China's processing trade layout and innovative processing trade methods, China's industrial added value and international manufacturing status will be improved.
Promote the integration of manufacturing services. At this stage, the blurring of industrial boundaries and the deepening of industrial division of labor have created an inevitable trend for the development of industrial integration. The intelligent, service-oriented and information-based development of the manufacturing industry requires deep integration with the service industry. In 2012, the proportion of China's tertiary industry exceeded that of the first and second industries for the first time, thus forming the core strength of economic growth led by the tertiary industry. The continuous improvement of the service industry also provides opportunities for the service development of the manufacturing industry. However, the level of China's service industry is still relatively backward, especially in the development of producer services. The lack of innovative knowledge and core technologies is not conducive to the upgrading of manufacturing industry strategy. Therefore, it should promote manufacturing and services. Industry integration, to create a productive service industry.
Give full play to the industrial effects of regional economic policies. Today, with the continuous reform and deepening of the economic system, the transition from regional equilibrium to non-equilibrium is an inevitable result. The industrial resource allocation has been successfully transformed into a market-oriented allocation structure, breaking the resource industry and the inter-regional barriers to flow. At the same time, take into account the dual goals of economic growth and regional development, enhance the effectiveness of regional coordination, and maximize the regional industrial economic benefits. Therefore, giving full play to the industrial effects of regional economic policies is one of the important ways to promote the transformation and upgrading of manufacturing. Through the regionalization of industrial policies and the industrialization of regional policies, the economic ties between the regions will be strengthened, such as the establishment of a free trade zone and the “Belt and Road” economic zone. According to the changes in economic development goals, economic policies should be improved in a timely manner, thus making regional industrial development more rational.
(The author is an associate professor at the School of Marxism at Wuhan University of Technology)

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