In June 2015, China’s car ownership reached 163 million vehicles, and the number of cars in every 100 households reached 25, which has undoubtedly entered the threshold of a major automobile consumer.
As an environmentally friendly material, plastic is widely used in the automotive industry due to its strong plasticity, light weight and high recycling efficiency. Plastics are increasingly used in interiors, exteriors, and functional structural parts.
We list 8 types of representative plastics used in automobiles, and do a simple analysis of their crushing and recycling in manufacturing:
Bumper, dashboard, etc.
Difficulties: structurally shaped, large in size, containing glass fiber
Bumper, instrument panel and other large-sized components, generally selected are ABS, PPO, PP, PVC and other enhanced engineering plastics. These components will increase the strength of the material by adding glass fibers. Therefore, the wear resistance of the pulverizer tool and the inner wall of the pulverizing chamber is relatively high during pulverization and recovery.
In addition, the size of these components is large, and in order to improve efficiency during pulverization, most of them will use automatic feeding---------------automatic separation of dust----one-stop bagging Production line equipment, only need to invest 1 person, can complete the traditional work mode 3-5 personal work can be completed, and improve efficiency 30-50%.
2. Steering wheel, interior handle, door trim panel, door and window seals, fenders, etc.
Difficulties: Elastomer soft rubber is not easy to cut
Most of these components are made of PU (foaming), PVC artificial leather, TPV, plastic thermal elastomer, EPDM rubber, etc. These materials are characterized by elasticity, strong deformability and good hand feeling. in
When crushing and recycling, these materials present difficult problems such as soft rubber being difficult to cut, hot-sticking, agglomeration, and unloading.
How to choose an elastomer mill?
An elastomer-specific shredder must be used. Different from the ordinary pulverizer, this pulverizer is designed for elastomer and rubber. It has the characteristics of soft rubber in the tool material, cutting angle, rotation speed and tool shaft assembly method. The material can be quickly cut into granules and matched. Use a special screen to make the cutting smoother. It is understood that the domestic elastomer smashing, Sanchuang plastic machine is a more distinctive one.
For temperature-sensitive special elastomers and rubber (such as low temperature TPU, high purity PP, hot melt adhesive, etc.), low temperature environment pulverization can be added to reduce physical property changes caused by temperature rise.
3. Interior, ceiling
The ceiling is generally made of plastic fiber and plastic wool material. The fiber material is basically made of plastic material, so it can be crushed and crushed for further recycling.
What should you pay attention to when recycling plastic fibers?
The pulverization and recovery of such fiber materials is also different from ordinary hard plastics. It requires relatively high material requirements for pulverizing tools: ordinary hard plastics are generally brittle due to their high hardness, and are very high-speed rotation of the pulverizing cutter shaft. It is easy to be powdered; while fiber materials can only be crushed by shearing. Therefore, the crushing of such materials requires special attention to the choice of tool material and cutting angle.
4. Car lights, lampshades
The main considerations for the lamp and the cover parts are transparency and reflective performance, so the materials used are transparent PC, PMMA and so on. When crushing and recycling such materials, it is necessary to avoid contamination of the raw materials by the crusher body, and also to separate the dust generated in the crushing. If the powder is infiltrated into the transparent pellets, it is likely to cause yellowing of the product or black spots during molding.
Ordinary pulverizer, but need to remove dust
This type of material can be achieved by pulverizing with a conventional pulverizer, but it is preferable to add a dust removing device at the rear end of the pulverization. It is possible to remove more than 90% of the dust at the same time as the bag is pulverized, so that the performance and molding quality of the pulverized material are closer to the raw material when it is reshaped.
5. Brake pads
The brake pads we refer to are mainly the friction blocks of the brakes, which are divided into metal and non-metal.
What is the difference between metal and non-metallic friction blocks?
Some metal friction blocks are metal powder injection molding (MIM). The material has high hardness, strong wear resistance, high raw materials, high manufacturing defect rate, and defective products can be recycled after being crushed.
Non-metallic friction blocks are mostly made of asbestos, leather, rubber and other raw materials by adding various adhesives. This raw material can also be recycled by pulverization. Even if a binder has been added, a special wear-resistant type is used. The pulverizer can also be pulverized and reused.
The above is about the defective products in the manufacturing process of auto parts, and the recycling of scraps. Let's talk about the scrapping of the entire vehicle, and the recycling of accessories:
6. Car tires
The decomposition and recycling of tires has now formed an independent industry in China and has developed rapidly.
The main components of the tire are: rubber, steel wire, fiber. Among them, rubber and steel wire are the most valuable in recycling. Rubber particles can be used as materials for laying rubber roads and safety floors, and the market is currently in short supply. The steel wire can be directly recycled and reused.
Tire crushing equipment is complicated
The pulverizing and recycling equipment of the tire is more complicated. It is a multi-functional production line. The whole system can work independently and automatically. The tire is decomposed on the production line, and the steel wire is separated, and the fiber is cleaned to obtain clean rubber particles. The whole machine work flow is: whole tire----transport----coarse----transport----separating steel wire----fine crushing----transporting---- separating fiber--- - Glue bagging.
7. Car control line
Although the amount of control wire in the car does not account for such a large proportion of rubber, its recycling value can not be underestimated.
Recycling method: large pollution, low utilization
The main components of the control line are PVC sheath and copper core. Recycling is only valuable if you separate the two materials. However, because these control lines are uneven in thickness and disordered, the traditional dialing machine does not work. The old recycling method is to incinerate the outer layer of PVC to obtain the internal copper wire. This method causes environmental pollution on the one hand and PVC plastic on the other hand.
Current recycling methods: high cost performance, low pollution
The copper-plastic separator is used to pulverize these messy control lines into rice grains, and then separate the PVC particles and copper particles to obtain clean PVC particles and copper particles. The separation cleanliness of the two materials can reach more than 99%. Can be directly reused separately, the entire process uses physical methods, does not change the performance of the material, and will not cause secondary pollution.
8. Scrap car recycling decomposition
At present, the most advanced automobile dismantling production line in China can increase the recycling rate of a scrapped car to 80%. The working process is: axle cleaning----battery disassembly----Freon extraction----waste oil extraction----door disassembly----car reversal----engine dismantling and other 12 channels In the process, three workers in one production line will take about 30 minutes to disassemble the 1-axis car.
By recycling and dismantling, the scrap car will be safely dismantled and utilized, and it will ensure that there is no secondary dyeing of the environment during the dismantling process. The dismantled scrap car shell enters the crushing center for crushing, and after crushing, it can sort out plastic, iron, non-ferrous (such as copper, aluminum), sponge and dust. Each material can be recycled and reused. Automotive plastic recycling will create a huge market!
The application of plastics in automobiles is far more than that, and the proportion of plastic parts in automobiles is increasing. Especially the emerging TPE environmentally friendly elastomer materials are replacing the original rubber step by step with an irresistible trend. And engineering plastics, will be the main force of the future automotive plastics.
In addition, with the increasing number of car ownership in China and the standardization of recycling of auto parts, the recycling of automotive plastics will form a huge market, perhaps this will be a hot area of ​​plastic recycling!
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