In recent years, with the deepening of planting structure adjustment, more and more farmers have started to plant rice. However, since most farmers do not know much about herbicides, they usually use long-term residual herbicides to replant rice fields, which will cause phytotoxicity. In addition, some unreasonable pharmacy compounding is also likely to cause phytotoxicity. Nowadays, the problem of phytotoxicity has become one of the most headaches for rice growers. How can rice growers avoid the phytotoxicity of paddy fields? Here, I would like to hear what Wang Xianfeng, the station manager of Heilongjiang Provincial Land Reclamation Bureau .
Cause of phytotoxicity
There are many herbicide manufacturers in China, and there are many registered products. There are more than 500 products in Heilongjiang Province, and there are more than 5,000 product names. The same herbicides are produced in multiple quantities. Each household has a commodity name, and most of them do not have a common name. The dazzling variety of such herbicides cannot be chosen; the introduction of the label technology is too simple and incomplete, and the user has no follow-up, often problems, mainly in the following two aspects:
First, the peasants' own quality is low, causing serious damage to long-lasting herbicides. 1 Generally, the scale of rural planting is small, the system of multiple cropping and crop rotation is complicated, and rice is sensitive to long-residue herbicides; 2 farmers have little or no understanding of the herbicide use technology, unreasonable use of herbicides, and even the use of herbicides.
Second, herbicide compounding and compounding preparations pay attention to cost, neglect safety and efficacy, and some mixing is unreasonable, causing serious losses to production. Unsafe compounding and compounding preparations for rice in dry rice in northern China are butachlor + chlorhexidine, butachlor + bensulfuron-methyl, butachlor + chlorpyrifos; unsafe mixing in northern rice transplanting fields And mixed preparations such as butachlor + pyrazosulfuron, butachlor + bensulfuron, acetochlor + bensulfuron, alachlor + bensulfuron, butachlor + chlorpyrifos, benzyl Bisulfuron + metolachlor, alachlor + mefenacetate + bensulfuron-methyl, butachlor + metsulfuron + bensulfuron-methyl, 2 methyl 4-chloro + bentazone, etc. Rice is easy to cause phytotoxicity.
Type and type of phytotoxicity
Seedbed medicinal damage 1 seedbed using unsafe herbicides such as butachlor, dimethoate, butyl, butyl, butyl and benzyl, encountered low temperature or overburden, inhibiting the growth of rice seedlings; the water layer was too deep after transplanting When the temperature is low, the seedlings are slow, the tillers are inhibited, the growth is inhibited, and the glutinous green is late-ripe. Honda's use of butachlor and butyl bromide increases the phytotoxicity. 2 quinoline carboxylic acid: quinclorac is not obvious in the use of phytotoxicity in rice seedbeds, and the symptoms of phytotoxicity are manifested after a period of time after transplanting. 3 Xicaojing: Xicaojing is used for weeding rice seedbeds. It is easy to produce phytotoxicity when the temperature exceeds 30 °C. Xicaojing is often mixed with butachlor in the seedbed. It is very unsafe and is caused by low temperature butachlor. Rice seedlings are phytotoxic, causing rice seedling phytotoxicity in case of high temperature Xicaojing. 4 rice seedling bed using 2,4-butyl butyl ester can damage rice seedlings, leaves are thick green, no long roots, severely inhibit growth; improper use of Honda or live field or excessive use of 2,4-butyl butyl ester or repeated spraying, Will increase the tillering of rice, the plant color is dark green, no heading.
Implantation of phytotoxicity 1 amides: The order of safety from poor to poor is acetochlor ≥ fenacetamide > butachlor. Butachlor has serious phytotoxicity to rice under conditions such as slow seedling, deep water and low temperature in northern rice transplanting fields, which seriously inhibits growth, is late in maturity, is aggravated, and is susceptible to rice blast. There are many glutinous grains, poor quality, and the yield is reduced by 10~200 kg/mu. 2 quinoline carboxylic acid: chloroquinoic acid used in excess of rice phytotoxicity, spraying in the field is often caused by uneven spraying caused by 5% ~ 15%; 3 oxadiazolone: ​​propargyl oxalofen in rice After the insertion, the dosage is too high, and the dosage is too high. After the insertion, the seedlings are not slowed down, the weak seedlings are inserted, and the interval between the application and the application is too short. The application may cause phytotoxicity under the conditions of low temperature or only water and water. Rice seedlings were inhibited and the seedlings were prolonged. 42 A 4 chlorine: Excessive phytotoxicity during the booting stage of rice, serious no heading. 5 cycloheptyl ether: Under the conditions of rice transplanting too deep or too shallow root, it has phytotoxicity to rice, generally returning to normal growth in 7~10 days; the dosage is too large, the roots are severely inhibiting growth and tillering, the number of panicles and The number of grains per ear is reduced and the yield is reduced.
Residual influence time
The phytotoxicity of long-lasting herbicides on post-crop crops has occurred year after year and has become increasingly serious, causing serious losses to agricultural production and seriously affecting the adjustment of agricultural planting structure. The herbicides that can cause residual phytotoxicity in rice fields after the change of dry fields are imidazolium, chlorsulfuron, bean berry, atrazine, flufenazone, and metsulfuron. From the previous year, the use of these herbicide plots to raise soil seedlings or directly plant rice in these fields can cause residual phytotoxicity, inhibit rice growth, and the whole plant is dead.
The time required to replant rice after application of common long-lasting herbicides is: when imidazole niacin is applied at 75 g per hectare, the rice should be replanted for 24 months; atrazine (atrazine) is used per hectare. At 2000 g, the rice should be replanted for 24 months; when the nicotinamide is used for 60 g per hectare, the rice should be replaced by 12 months; the chlorsulfuron (besulfuron) should be used per hectare or When it is equal to 15 grams, the rice should be separated by 15 months. When the dosage of oxalofenone is between 350 and 700 grams per hectare, the rice should be replanted for 8 months. The amount of the imazamox is 45 grams per hectare. At the time of replanting rice, it should be separated by 9 months; when the dose of isoxaflutole is between 71 and 170 grams per hectare, the interval between replanting rice should be 18 months; when the dosage of sulfamethoxazole is 250 grams per hectare, It takes 12 months to replant rice; when the dosage of metsulfuron is more than 7.5 grams per hectare, it takes 12 months to replant rice; when the dosage of chlorsulfuron is 15 grams per hectare, it takes 12 months to replant rice. When the dosage of simazine is between 2240 and 4480 grams per hectare, the rice should be replanted for 24 months.
Note: The above values ​​represent the effective content of the agent, for example, 50% of atrazine 2500 grams per hectare, the effective content of atrazine is 2500 × 50% = 1250 grams.
Drug damage solution
Starting from the actual situation of Heilongjiang and other provinces, we attach great importance to the safety of the crops after harvest. The long-residue herbicides should be strictly restricted or eliminated. In the rural areas, first-hand training of farming talents with large-scale cultivation and cultivation will be carried out. Farmers.
The phytotoxicity of herbicides on crops is mostly inhibited by crop growth and lack of nutrition. To relieve the inhibition of crops by herbicides, promote plant growth regulators such as gibberellin, auxin, etc., and do not use inhibitory plant growth regulators such as paclobutrazol, uniconazole, chlormequat, etc., otherwise it will aggravate Drug damage. The artificially synthesized exogenous hormone has no affinity with the crop, and the dosage is not well controlled. The dosage is too large to aggravate the phytotoxicity or cause new phytotoxicity.
The rice seedbed can be found to have 0.13% Kangkai 10g + Yiwei 200ml/100m2 plus water 1 liter spray; rice Honda toxic damage is 10.13% Kangkai 30î–45g/ha + Yiwei 30~450ml /ha+ brewing vinegar 1500 ml/ha; 20.13% Kangkai 3~45 g/ha +0.4% oligosaccharide 3000 ml/ha + brewing vinegar 1500 ml/ha, adding 1% of the spray volume when applying Yaoxiaobao (vegetable oil spray aid) spray can reduce the drift loss and increase the absorption and conduction of the crop.
In addition, microbial fertilizer can also be used, which contains biological potassium (silicate bacteria, Bacillus mucilaginosus) and biological phosphorus (Bacillus megaterium) compound biological fertilizer to alleviate the herbicide phytotoxicity. Jiang Yuanguang
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