Eggplant plague is commonly known as "dropping eggs", "rotten eggplant", and "white disease", which occur in all parts of the country. The loss can reach 20-30%, or even more than 50%, which is one of the three major diseases of eggplant. High temperature and high humidity are conducive to the spread of the disease.
1. Symptoms of the disease: Both seedlings and adult plants can be harmed, mainly harming the fruit. The seedlings are infected, the base of the stem is water-soaked, and it develops very quickly, often causing tripping, causing the seedlings to die. In the adult stage, the leaf is susceptible, producing a nearly round or irregular shape, dark green to light brown water-stained lesions, with obvious wheel pattern, a small amount of white mold grows on the lesions when wet, and the diseased leaves dry and rupture when dry. When the stem is infected, the diseased part turns brown and collapses, causing the upper leaves to wilting and dry. After the flower was infested, it was brown and rotten. The fruit suffered the most, and the old ripe fruit began to appear. It began to appear in a water-soaked round spot, and then gradually enlarged and slightly depressed, showing a yellow-brown or dark brown large spot, and finally spread to the whole fruit. The flesh of the diseased department is dark brown and rot-like. Under the condition of high humidity, the surface of the diseased part has white flocculent hyphae, and the diseased fruit is easy to fall off or dry and shrink into a stiff fruit.
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2, the incidence of disease: eggplant plague disease caused by fungal diseases caused by Phytophthora sojae. The pathogen mainly overwinters the oospore on the residual tissue of the diseased plant in the soil, which becomes the initial infestation source of the leap year. When the conditions are appropriate, the bacteria can directly invade the stems and roots of the seedlings. After the oospore is splashed on the plant body by rainwater, the germination tube is sprouted, and an applicator is generated to invade the silk, which is directly invaded by the host epidermis. The zoospores released by the sporangia produced by the disease can be spread by rain or irrigation water to spread the disease. High temperature and high humidity are conducive to disease development. Generally, the temperature is 25 to 35 ° C, the relative humidity is 85% or more, and the surface of the blade is dew condensation, and the disease develops rapidly and severely. In addition, low terrain, poor drainage, soil viscosity, extensive management, partial application of nitrogen fertilizer, excessive close planting, continuous cropping, etc. will aggravate the incidence.
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3. Control methods: (1) Agricultural control. Choose resistant (resistant) disease varieties. It has been rotated for more than 2 years with non-solanaceae and cucurbit crops. Choose high-dry plots to grow eggplant and deepen the land. It is cultivated with sorghum and covered with mulch to block the spread of pathogens in the soil to the shoots and promote root development. Eliminate stagnant water in time after rain. Apply sufficient organic fertilizer to prevent high temperature and high humidity. Increase the application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers to promote robust growth of plants and increase plant resistance. Timely pruning, harvesting at the right time, found that the diseased fruit, diseased leaves were removed in time, concentrated deep burial. (2) Chemical control. In the early stage of the disease, it can spray 1:1:200 times Bordeaux mixture, or 75% chlorothalonil WP 700 times solution, or 50% methyl tropose WP 800 times solution, or 23% copper copper 400 times. Liquid, or 70% mancozeb 500 times solution, or 70% ethylphosphonium aluminum manganese zinc 500 times solution, or 70% metalaxyl manganese zinc 500 times solution, or 72% gram dew 700 times solution, or 72.2% Lectra 700 times solution, or 64% anti-virus 矾 500 times solution, or 77% can kill 500 times solution. The above liquid is sprayed once every 7 days, and even sprayed 3 to 4 times. The spray should be even and thoughtful, with a focus on protecting the eggplant fruit.
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