1. Improve the quality of employees and enhance safety awareness
It is not difficult to see through the analysis of the cause of the fire at the gas station. Almost all the causes of the accident are ultimately caused by human violation of the operating procedures. Therefore, the fire safety management of gas stations should be people-oriented. First of all, it is necessary to improve the quality of the gas station operators. Regular safety education and fire drills are carried out. All employees are trained in safety and regularly assessed to make everyone understand the burning, flowing and volatilization of oil. Basic physicochemical properties such as toxicity and basic conditions for fire generation, familiar with and master the operating procedures of various operations, proficient in the use of various fire-fighting equipment and fire-fighting skills, firmly establish safety awareness, and consciously abide by the system.
2. Check and accept the construction of the gas station and control the safety clearance of the facilities at the Jiawang Station.
Control the safety distance of various facilities according to the specifications, especially the area where the oil vapor is emitted and the distance between the places where the fire source may occur. It is necessary to control the distance between the tank operation well, the unloading port, the tanker, the breathing pipe port and the station building, the boiler room, the power distribution room, and other supporting business rooms, and the fence, the open fire or the sparking place, road or The spacing of public buildings, power and communication overhead lines to prevent fires from approaching explosive areas of explosion.
3. Control oil and gas emissions and accumulation, and fundamentally eliminate the root cause of fire
Controlling the emission and accumulation of oil and gas is one of the most important and effective measures for fire prevention work at gas stations. To do this work, we should start from the following aspects:
3.1 Gradually promote the application of the full sealing unloading method to implement closed oil unloading. A gas phase tube is installed on the tank truck and the oil tank. When the oil tanker unloads oil, the oil vapor in the tank truck is returned to the tank truck to prevent the oil vapor in the tank truck from being pushed out from the breathing tube, and the pollution is caused. Air and possible accumulation. It is forbidden to insert the hose directly into the tank for open unloading.
3.2 Use sealing and refueling technology. At present, most gas stations in China use open fuel. When the fuel gun injects the oil into the fuel tank, the oil vapor in the fuel tank is squeezed out and emitted into the air, which not only wastes energy, pollutes the environment, but also poses a threat to safety. Sealed refueling technology should be promoted to return oil vapor through the gas phase tube to the oil tank or oil and gas recovery unit to prevent oil and gas emissions.
3.3 Prohibit tank storage. Directly buried underground horizontal tanks should be promoted. It is strictly forbidden to place the tanks indoors. Because the indoor air is not smooth, the oil vapor is easy to accumulate, causing operator poisoning and oil vapor concentration to reach the explosion limit.
3.4 Strengthen ventilation and eliminate low sputum. Since the density of oil vapor is larger than that of air, it tends to accumulate in some low-lying areas under poor ventilation conditions. When the oil vapor concentration reaches the lower explosion limit (content is 0.6~0.8%), explosive combustion will occur when exposed to an open flame. Therefore, the tanker, unloader, tank operation well and breathing tube should be located in a well-ventilated area; pits and ditches should be avoided as much as possible in the explosion danger area of ​​the gas station and adjacent areas, and sand filling should be applied at the bottom of the tanker. It is harmful to the top of the refueling island; if the pipeline is located in the trench, it must be filled with sand; the drain must be sealed before it is led out of the station.
3.5 Reasonably set the floor elevation. The elevation of the station floor should be more than 15cm above the fueling floor. The distribution box in the station should be installed on the side wall away from the tanker. If a floor-standing power distribution cabinet is installed, no clear ducts shall be provided, and the power distribution cabinet shall be placed on a solid base of not less than 15 cm high. In addition, the floor of the fueling area shall not be inclined to the side of the fueling house.
4. Control tank and pipeline elevation
Gas station should use horizontal underground earth-filling tanks to avoid problems such as oil level in oil tanks higher than floor, tanker oil leakage, oil in inlet pipes difficult to discharge, oil tank oil backflow. The oil inlet pipe shall be set up with two slopes. The inclined angle of the closed oil unloading pipe section shall not be less than 30°, and the slope of the remaining pipe sections shall not be less than 0.2%. The oil pipe slopes to the oil tank. The installation position of the closed oil discharge port should be lower than the oil discharge port of the tanker by more than 15cm. This can ensure that after the oil tank valve is closed, the oil in the pipe can be quickly discharged into the oil tank so that the oil does not flow out.
5. Eliminate static hazards
In the process of transportation, loading and unloading and filling, the oil generates static electricity due to friction, and its voltage can be as high as several hundred thousand volts. If it is improperly handled, spark discharge is likely to occur, causing an explosion burning accident. The conditions under which static electricity causes fire and explosion are: conditions for generating electrostatic charge; voltages for generating spark discharge; suitable gaps for causing spark discharge; sufficient energy for generating sparks; and flammable and explosive mixtures in the surrounding environment. If these five conditions are met at the same time, it will lead to an accident. An electrostatic grounding device should be installed during construction. After the oil truck arrives at the gas station, it must be allowed to stand for more than 10 minutes to discharge static electricity; it must be grounded before opening the can lid; it should be sprayed with water when the weather is hot, dry and low pressure; the staff clothing must be anti-static; The tube is inserted into the tank for open-splashing and unloading; when the oil is sealed, the tank must be deep into the bottom of the tank, the height from the bottom of the tank should not be more than 20cm, and the front section should be L-shaped to make the oil flow smoothly, the unloading pipe and the oil tank Inlet control connections should use quick joints; promote self-flowing and unloading, try to avoid pumping; do not use gasoline dispensers to directly fill gasoline into plastic containers.
When unloading oil, ensure that the tanker is reliably grounded. The electrostatic grounding device with self-locking alarm function should be gradually promoted to improve the reliability of electrostatic discharge.
6. Take reliable lightning protection measures to prevent lightning strikes
The gas station should be equipped with a lightning receptor, down conductor and grounding device. Lightning rods shall be installed at gas stations that are open and constructed. The grounding point of the tank should be no less than 2, and the grounding resistance should not be greater than 10Ω. The tank, pipes, flanges and other metal accessories are electrically connected and grounded, and the grounding resistance should not be greater than 10 Ω. The oil discharge operation should be stopped during thunderstorms, and the tank trucks parked in the gas station should be grounded. Station houses and sheds need to be protected against lightning strikes.
7. Use an explosion-proof electrical appliance to control the electrical ignition source
Explosion-proof electrical equipment above or equal to the oil vapor level or group of the corresponding area must be used in the explosion hazardous area of ​​the gas station. The connection and laying of wires must meet the explosion-proof requirements. Electrical appliances in non-explosive hazardous areas should also be explosion-proof electrical appliances. Lighting fixtures under the shed should be protected. Mobile and portable appliances should be used with caution in the explosion area of ​​gas stations. It is strictly forbidden to use non-explosion-proof electrical appliances such as mobile phones and computers. The review and supervision of the use of electrical appliances at gas stations should be strengthened, and it is forbidden to use indiscriminate or illegal use of electricity, resulting in explosion-proof failure.
8. Strictly use fire management to control open flame sources
Control the fixed open flame source, control the safety spacing according to the standard, add safety spacing; set the fixed open flame source to the upwind of the dominant wind direction in the year, and increase the fire resistance level of the building so that the oil and gas cannot accumulate to the fire source; A flying fire is emitted to the explosion danger zone. Control repairs and fireworks. During the business period, electric welding and gas cutting shall not be used. When the fire is repaired, a hot fire permit system shall be adopted. Fire-fighting equipment and fire-fighting personnel shall be in place. The fueling area must prohibit smoking and open fire.
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