Perennial medicinal plants of fruits such as alfalfa, hawthorn, sorghum, ebony, ginkgo, jujube, lime, fig, etc., with fruits as harvest objects, and their life cycle is very long, resulting in an economic period of 20 to 50 years, 1 year The growth, flowering and fruiting period lasts for 6 to 8 months. Therefore, in order to obtain stable and high yield in production, it is necessary to apply a certain amount and quality of fertilizer frequently and timely to supplement the deficiency of soil nutrients and meet the needs of plant growth and development. There are two kinds of fertilization for medicinal fruit trees: soil fertilization and extra-root fertilization. Pay attention to the following points when fertilizing fruit trees:
Matching nutrition elements
There are more than ten kinds of nutrients needed for the growth of medicinal fruit trees. When fertilizing, it can be fertilized by reference to the fertilization method of the local orchard or after the field test using the appropriate fertilizer formula. The base fertilizer is mainly based on farmyard manure, supplemented by a little compound fertilizer or special fertilizer for fruit trees. The topdressing fertilizer is mainly based on quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer, and appropriate boron, zinc, manganese, iron and other trace elements are added to meet the demand of various nutrients for tree growth. The yield of medicinal materials obtained by mixed fertilization is higher than that of single fertilisers.
Fertilization amount
The fertilization amount of medicinal fruit trees is related to tree species, varieties and soil conditions. Fruit trees such as alfalfa, hawthorn and ginkgo need relatively large amount of fertilizer, and fruit trees with thin or fruit-bearing periods such as mountains and sandy land can be appropriately applied. Generally speaking, the base fertilizer based on farmyard manure should be no less than 50kg per plant per plant. When urea is applied, small trees are applied less and trees are applied more. The young trees are 0.2kg per plant, and the adult tree can be chased. Apply about 0.5kg.
Fertilization period
The base fertilizer can be combined with deep ploughing and soil improvement in winter. At this time, the base fertilizer can protect the plants in the cold winter, and on the other hand, the base fertilizer can be fully maturized before the spring plants begin to absorb, and the plants enter in the late autumn and early winter. During the dormant period, the sap stopped flowing and the damage to the roots of the plants was small. The topdressing principle is based on a small number of times. The adult result tree needs to be topdressed 2 to 4 times a year:
The pre-flowering medicinal fruit tree flowering period is positive for the nutrient distribution period (centered on the reproductive organs), and is sensitive to nitrogen fertilizer. The application of nitrogen fertilizer can reduce the fruit drop and increase the fruit setting rate.
After the flowering, the young fruit needs nitrogen fertilizer in the rapid growth period. If the flower is applied too much before the flower, it can be applied less or not.
During the fruit enlargement and flower bud differentiation, the topdressing flower buds begin to differentiate during the fruit expansion period. This topdressing can not only ensure the annual output, but also overcome the effect of the years and years, laying a good foundation for the next year's production. The ratio of topdressing NPK fertilizer is 1:0.5:0.5.
After the fruit growth, the medicinal fruit trees in the late stage of fruit growth consume a lot of nutrients. This time, the topdressing is particularly important, which can restore the nutrient level of the tree, enhance antibiotics and safely overwinter.
Fertilization method
During the fertilization process, various methods are replaced, so that the fertilizer efficiency can be fully exerted, and the roots in all directions can be obtained nutrients, thereby promoting tree growth and crown crowning uniformity:
The medicinal fruit trees that are fertilized and dwarfed in the whole garden can spread the fertilizer directly in the whole garden and then turn into the soil. This can lead the roots into the soil layer, promote the formation of strong roots and a large number of fibrous roots, and strengthen the ability to absorb water.
Irrigation fertilization uses channels or pipelines to transport fertilizer to the pharmacy for fertigation.
Gully fertilization excavates an annular groove with a depth of 20 to 40 cm between the rows of fruit trees. After applying the base fertilizer, cover the soil and cover the soil to prevent soil erosion. This method is mostly used for fertilization in young trees in winter.
The hole is applied to the hole outside the canopy along the drip line to dig 4 to 8 holes of about 40 cm deep, and fill in the top dressing.
The above-ground organs of the topdressing fruit trees can also absorb nutrients, among which the young leaves have the strongest absorption capacity, followed by young fruit, mature leaves and old branches. In view of this principle, fruit trees are often planted by root dressing to make up the roots. Insufficient fertilization. As a supplement to soil fertilization, a solution of the fertilizer is sprayed on the surface of the fruit leaf by spraying. The root-fighting fertilizer has quick effect and is used in provinces. It is mainly used for “small old trees†or “old trees†to rescue trees and restore vitality; or due to excessive results, temporary de-fertilization to accelerate the supply of nutrients; Elemental deficiency; or for the purpose of preserving fruit and fruit. The method is mostly applied to nitrogen fertilizer and micro-fertilizers such as boron, zinc, manganese and iron. The concentration is: urea 0.5%, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.3% to 1%, superphosphate calcium leaching solution 1% to 3%, borax 0.05 % to 0.1%, zinc sulfate 0.1% to 0.6%, magnesium sulfate 2% to 3%, 50 ppm gibberellin, and the like.
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