Birth and death are with me! Fire helmet!

Foreword: Fire helmets from the birth to the development of the transition, there is no little-known story, but also lacks the idea of ​​widely eulogizing, but it is renewed and strengthened every time, it is classic. Nowadays, accidents and disasters continue to occur due to the explosion of oil pipelines and the flaring of high-rise buildings. Technological innovations are increasingly important. Fire helmets have become an important partner for birth and death with fire fighters.

Multifunctional integrated fire helmet

One day in 1975 , an oil tank exploded at the Shenyang Smelter and cracked a hole more than one meter long.

Zhao Guo, who was then the instructor of the Shenyang Public Security Fire Brigade and Peace Squadron, rushed to the scene as the reinforcement team rushed to the scene. At this moment, the fire suddenly changed, the oil tank exploded again, and the tank top was opened.

Zhao Guoyun was knocked down by a huge storm.

"At that time, 'calling' all of a sudden, they saw the fire ran to the face." Zhao Guoyun recalled. Fortunately, the squadron where he was in this year replaced the new helmet with a protective mask.

After the heavy smoke, Zhao Guoyun stood up. His face was burned and his eyebrows were burned, but there was no serious problem.

The helmet was equipped with a protective mask that had been roasted and deformed by high temperatures, but he blocked the heat waves. "Now think about it, there is no mask. At that time, it was disfigured." Zhao Guoyun, who is already a senior engineer of the Liaoning Provincial Public Security Fire Corps, has a profound memory.

"National Helmets" Self-strengthening Road

Although the economy in the Qing dynasty is relatively prosperous in Shanghai, it is still the same as other cities in terms of firefighting. The bamboo helmets worn by soldiers at that time became the ancestor of our country's fire helmets and were widely used by civil fire protection organizations. After the Opium War of 1840 , the western fire protection system came to Shanghai with the help of gunboats. Faced with the threat of fire, various foreign companies have introduced advanced fire-fighting equipment and equipment from abroad to build and equip their own teams. It was during this period that copper helmets were introduced from the United Kingdom and France to Shanghai and equipped with the fire brigade in the concession.

1950s, finally farewell fire helmet of the metal material, this is referred to as the "original-use" fire helmet, fiberglass cap shell follows the shape of the helmet in the form of units, by the six three sewing leather Cap holder, riveted with rivets and cap shell.

Zhao Guoyun said: "The helmets at the time were dark green, very strong and heavy, and they rang."

To the 1970s, China has been improved for this helmet with plexiglass mask and cape, reducing the damage the fire caused by radiant heat and flames caused for firefighters face.

November 1984, a new fire helmet is developed, it is reasonable structure design, light weight, anti-puncture, impact resistance, thermal radiation, waterproof, anti-sandstorm, anti-corrosion. Some fluorescent markers are also attached to the cap shells, making it easier for firefighters to find and communicate with each other in the dark or at night.

Today's fire helmets are made up of main components such as caps, wearing devices, face masks, shawls, and chin straps. They not only protect the top of the head, protect the head, but also have high strength, good impact resistance, and are light and breathable. Most of the materials are glass fiber reinforced plastics, and they pay more attention to the bright color. Some also attached decorations, such as team badges, team numbers, etc., and even added light elements. Some of them also add acoustic elements or breathable devices to their ears.

The color of the helmet says: Without looking at the rank of the police, the combatants and commanders can be distinguished. Of course, the situations vary from place to place. Take Shenyang fire fighting as an example. In the years of using F1 helmets, the combatants were red helmets and the commanders were white helmets.

Of course, these are external, and after the introduction of the standard for firefighter helmets in 2004 , there was a clearer requirement for protection.

In the United States, glass steel is used to make fire helmets, which are low in cost, lightweight, and multi-colored. The US fire brigade uses white as the main body color of the helmet and the cap badge is red or yellow. The recognition effect is very good. Interestingly, foreign fire dogs also wear helmets when entering the fire to ensure safety or identification.

The deep scratch on the helmet

September 29, 2008, northwest of downtown Shenyang, a warehouse burst into flames. In the smoggy atmosphere, Zhang Jichun, the squadron commander of the Shenyang Public Security Fire Brigade's starting squadron, and his comrade-in-arms climbed up the roof to prepare for the demolition.

Just on their way to the roof, a loud noise came in. The warehouse was ignited. The huge airwaves pushed them down from a height of more than seven meters .

Zhang Jichun subconsciously intended to catch something, but his hand did not pull the ladder and the rain did not block his body. With a bang, he fell to the ground. In addition to his hand and head, he touched the ground.

The vertigo that struck him left Zhang Jichun motionless on the ground. "I don't know where everything was hurt," but he found that his consciousness was still sober. "It's estimated that there may be no big thing."

Although this accident caused him to fall down the root cause of cervical contusion, it was still a shock. Afterwards, Zhang Jichun found that his fire helmet's mask left a deep scratch.

His helmet has dealt a fatal injury to him.

Another story about this helmet is that Zhang Jichun can find it out even if he put several helmets of the same model and the same color together. From 2005 to now, the helmet accompanied him through several large-scale tasks such as royal wanxin, northeast household appliances, and 767 library. He also worked hard with him repeatedly. The helmet's color was also baked from white and raw. If the helmet is still the same, what about the flesh?

"Just cut corners" rescue helmet

In the late 1990s a fire helmet without goggles, fire-fighting equipment to Shenyang.

“When we were joking, we said that it was like a military helmet with a layer of white paint and fire.” said Wang Zuosheng, a squadron instructor and commander of the search and rescue dogs of the Shenyang Public Security Fire Brigade. Indeed, not to mention goggles, and even the protection of the ears is not the same, is it that cutting corners?

of course not.

Although it was not until 2008 that the Fire Services Law formally determined that the fire brigade should undertake the task of rescue and rescue, at that time, the fire-fighting forces had started to take out police officers, including small accidents such as car accidents. However, because the previous helmets were too large and too heavy, and such rescue missions generally did not have to enter the fire scene, some of the fire-fighting designs had no use. Therefore, the lighter rescue helmets came into being and gradually became the fire brigade. The standard.

Rescue helmet

In the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Wang Zuosheng and his search and rescue dog squadron were wearing such helmets.

Because the rescue work does not need to enter the fire, in terms of design, "there is no need for protection below the ear", but sometimes the helmet is also equipped with a special ear bag to protect the ear.

In 2013 , there was also a new F2 rescue helmet worn by the top of the head of a firefighter in Shenyang, red, most notably after wearing a pair of big goggles.

“In the rescue, no matter whether it is a rebar breaker or a toothless saw, it will inevitably splash some debris. If there is no goggles, the chance of collapsing the eyes is very large.” Liaoning Provincial Public Security Fire Corps Yan Ligang, the command center's chief of staff, explained that he had previously been a member of the Special Service Squadron of the Public Security Fire Brigade in Benxi City.

Portable rebar breaker

On the outside of the helmet of the China International Rescue Team with full-time rescue missions, there is a pair of huge goggles. When used, it is enough to pull it straight down.

Astronaut, Cowboy Hat, Future Soldier

In 2005 , the firefighters in Shenyang replaced a new “leadership.” Among the most eye-catching are the F1 helmets from France. After pulling down the hood, they look like a pair of astronauts. It’s called cool.

Of course, the appearance alone cannot be achieved, and its “connotation” is also quite rich: the skull launching communication system has high transmitting signal, high-definition sound quality, and is free from external noise interference, and can be used with more than 100 walkie-talkies .

In 2013 , another US-made F3 helmet with a brim design was worn by Shenyang firefighters. Looking at the past, the first feeling was like the cowboy hat in the western United States, but the difference was that the "squeaky" was more stringent.

"The F1 helmet has a short shawl and the protection of the neck is not particularly strict; the F3 helmet is larger, has a brim, and the shawl should be longer." Said Shi Lanshan, chief of the training division of the Liaoning Public Security Fire Brigade.

Another difference with the F1 helmet is that the F3 helmet is wider. "Compared with European and American people, Asians have wider heads, so this helmet has more to consider the physiological characteristics of Asians." Chai Kun added.

Obviously, ergonomics has also been added to the design of fire helmets. Not only looks beautiful and comfortable, this helmet also has a hat shell automatic separation design, which helps firefighters to safely and safely disengage in the accidental situation where the helmet is stuck and the chin strap is used to hold the neck.

In order to advance the fire scene, firefighters must not only take a water hose on their hands, but also need to use a talkback device when they call. When they find someone, they have to pull out a light flashlight. If necessary, they have to take the thermal imager to search for missing. Those who wish to have three six arms. Now that these features are all integrated into the helmet, firefighters no longer have to worry about not having enough hands to use and are safer when fighting.

Someone certainly asked, so a multi-functional helmet, it is not light weight. It is not light. Therefore, reducing weight is the next step in helmet design. An Israeli designer designed a concept helmet that allows firefighters to maintain a clear vision in a densely smoked fire and complete rescue missions in a timely and smooth manner. Wear it, much like a future soldier in a science fiction movie.

The information in this article comes from the Internet and was reorganized and edited by China Rescue Equipment Network.