Cutting processing pursues high precision, high efficiency, low cost and environmental protection. In recent years, cutting technology has developed rapidly in the fields of high-speed cutting, hard cutting, micro-mist lubrication cutting, dry cutting, and composite cutting. These cutting technologies realize the core of production methods for processing parts with high efficiency and low cost. So far, the biggest development in cutting technology has been the development of High Speed ​​Cutting (HSC).
Advanced tool technology promotes the development of cutting technology. The development of tool technology involves the development of tool material tool structure, the tool material improves the tool performance basis, and the tool structure improves the machining accuracy of the workpiece.
With the increase in the number of applications of high-speed machining and high-precision machining technology, the development of tool materials is also very significant. New ceramics, fine-grained hard alloys, ultra-fine grained hard alloys, TiC/TiN-based cermets, Coatings such as cemented carbide greatly improve the tool performance, and the wear resistance, heat resistance and toughness of the tool base are significantly improved. The composite coating technology further improves the tool performance. In addition to high-speed cutting of TiC, TiN and TiAlN, the coating material also uses diamond, cubic boron nitride and silicon-based nano-coating.
In recent years, a lot of research and application work has been carried out on the application of new tool materials, tool coating technology and cutting performance of new tools. The tools used in the production field have entered the mature application state of hard alloy materials and various coatings. The main development trend of tool materials in the future is “fine grain matrix material + composite coating†to meet the basic needs of high speed cutting, dry cutting and high precision machining.
Machining precision Surface quality The key factor in the cutting process, the surface quality of the machining accuracy depends on the blade shape and chip breaking performance. Future tool designs must focus on blade design, chip breaker design, blade positioning or tool holder clamping design, and surface coating edge reinforcement.
In order to reduce the cost of tool application, the insert structure, the mosaic structure, and the coating structure should be the main structure of the tool, and the overall structure is small and compact. Future tools should have a dual performance structure, namely "high toughness and high strength matrix + high hardness and high wear resistance blade".
The development of tool materials and coating technology has promoted the continuous improvement of cutting speed, which has brought about a change in processing efficiency and further expanded the processing range.
Tool design should consider the matching of tool material and workpiece material performance, and determine the reasonable tool material structure form for different workpiece material processing conditions. High-speed, high-efficiency, high-precision cutting requires the tool to have a variety of excellent performance, "high toughness and high strength matrix + high hardness and high wear resistance blade" future development direction of the main tool.
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