According to foreign media reports, researchers at the University of California San Diego have developed an ultrasonic emission device that can further help commercialize lithium metal batteries (LMB). Although the research team focuses on LMB, the device can actually be used for any kind of battery, regardless of its chemical composition.
The device developed by the researchers is an indispensable part of this type of battery. Its working principle is to emit ultrasonic waves and generate a circulating current in the electrolyte between the anode and cathode of the battery, thereby preventing lithium metal production The formation of dendrites during the charging process, because the dendrites will cause LMB performance degradation and short circuit.
The device is made of off-the-shelf smartphone components and can generate extremely high-frequency sound waves with frequencies ranging from 100 million hertz to 10 billion hertz. In mobile phones, such components are mainly used to filter wireless cellular network signals, identify and filter voice calls and data, and researchers use it to generate current in the battery electrolyte.
At present, LMB has not been regarded as a viable option, which can provide power for electric vehicles, electronic products, etc., because the life of such batteries is too short. However, the capacity of such batteries is twice that of today's best-performing lithium-ion batteries, that is, the range of electric vehicles equipped with lithium metal batteries of the same weight is twice that of lithium-ion battery electric vehicles.
The researchers said that the lithium metal battery equipped with the device can be charged and discharged 250 times, while the lithium ion battery can be charged and discharged more than 2,000 times. In addition, this type of battery can charge from 0 to 100% in 10 minutes, which is a high-energy battery that realizes fast charging.
Most battery research focuses on finding the perfect chemistry to develop batteries with longer life and faster charging. In contrast, the University of California San Diego research team tried to solve a basic problem: in traditional metal batteries, the cathode and anode The electrolyte in between is static, therefore, when the battery is in a charged state, the lithium ions in the electrolyte will be depleted, making it more likely that lithium metal is unevenly deposited on the anode, which in turn will cause a The formation of a needle-like structure called a "dendrite" will grow uncontrollably from the anode to the cathode, causing the battery to short-circuit or even catch fire, and rapid charging will exacerbate this phenomenon.
However, the device developed by the researchers emits ultrasonic waves that propagate in the battery, allowing the electrolyte to flow, supplementing the lithium in the electrolyte, making lithium more likely to deposit evenly and densely on the anode during charging.
An Huang, a PhD student in materials science at the University of California, San Diego, said that the most difficult part of this process is the development of the device, which requires research on a very small battery, understanding the physical phenomena involved, and finding effective methods to The device is integrated into the battery. The researchers said: "Our next step is to integrate this technology into commercial lithium-ion batteries." (Yu Qiuyun)
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