The game of big countries, the development of aviation industry and its technical maturity is an important weight, and the quality of this weight can be supported, including flight test technology. A domestic expert once commented that the test flight test technology is the soul of the test flight technology.
On March 28, 2012, AVIC Expert Group announced: "The networked test system developed by AVIC Flight Test Center has overcome a number of key technologies. The integrated design test system functions and performance indicators meet the overall requirements of the model flight test, and the technical level. It has reached the domestic leading level and international advanced." A few months later, a certain type of machine verified the networked test system independently developed by the test center.
In the past 55 years, China's flight test business has grown from nothing, from small to large, from weak to strong, and has achieved brilliant achievements. Today, the strength of the test center is greatly enhanced. Compared to the 1990s, flight test and ground monitoring capabilities grew by orders of magnitude; data processing cycles ranged from months to hours, minutes, and even seconds.
Development track of flight test technology
The test flight test technology is mainly composed of five parts: flight test parameter sensor and calibration, test aircraft load test, flight test telemetry monitoring, flight test data processing, test flight external parameter test, etc. It is a coverage sensor, signal conditioning, data acquisition, data recording, telemetry. Transmission, real-time monitoring, data processing, photoelectric measurement, image analysis, radar electronics and other professional integrated application technologies, parameters related to height, speed, pressure, temperature, force, vibration, overload, attitude, displacement, angular velocity, flow, welcome There are dozens of types such as angle, side slip angle, current, strain, noise, and spatial position. The purpose of the flight test is to obtain data to verify the various performance indicators of the test object and to analyze the various phenomena and states that occur during the test flight. It can be said that the complete test chain is one of the most important key test steps in flight testing.
An American test pilot said that without the advanced test technology guarantee, there would be no current F-22, F-35, and the contribution of the Russian "BOR" series for hypersonic vehicles and space shuttles will always be sealed in the archives. In the bag.
From the world's perspective, the earliest flight test test, the test flight results mainly rely on the tester's subjective review; in 1910, the aircraft cabin increased from a tachometer to 10 cockpit instruments, the test pilots obtained data by reading the watch and recorded in their knees On the card; in the 1930s, the flight test began recording the meter readings with film footage. After the Second World War, sensors began to appear and optical oscilloscopes began to be used. FM tape recorders began to appear in the 1950s; PCM codes were the main recording standard in the 1960s, digital tape drives began to be used, and telemetry technology was also applied at this time. With the improvement of test equipment and technology, the test parameters have also increased from the initial few to dozens, hundreds to tens of thousands, and even to the current massive data.
At the end of the 1950s, China’s scientific research flight test had just started, and domestic flight test tests were still relatively unfamiliar. At that time, the former Soviet Union experts trained the first generation of scientific research personnel in the flight test center, and the lectures were compiled into a book. With a booklet, the test pilot gradually mastered the test parameters of the flight test, the configuration of the test instrument, the design of the test plan, the modification of the test instrument, and the interpretation of the test data.
In the 1960s and 1970s, China's flight test relied mainly on aeronautical recorders and optical oscilloscopes. Initially, from manual calculation to computer processing, photogrammetry was measured from qualitative to quantitative. In the same period, the United States' economy and technology developed rapidly, and Apollo's mission to the moon was successful, and the image was transmitted over long distances. In the mid-1970s, the test flight center successfully developed the first domestic FM and digital tape drive; telemetry technology began to be put into use.
In the 1980s, the test flight test technology began to be in line with international standards. During the introduction, the first programmable PCM data acquisition system was introduced with 200 measurement parameters at a rate of 8K words/second. The test parameters reached 1000 and the PCM rate reached 32K words/second, which realized the ground monitoring of the flight test. These systems have played an important role in the "three-machine stereotype" and Y7 series airworthiness flight test. In the same period, the test flight center successfully developed three generations of digital tape drives.
Since the 1990s, China's test flight test level has been unprecedentedly improved. It is marked by the successful development of ADAS/GDAS. The test technology of the test center has entered the comprehensive test stage, and the test technology is in line with international standards. ADAS/GDAS system has overcome the development technology of a large number of special collectors including three generations of aircraft and flight control for the first time in China. The whole system is completely independent, integrated and debugged. The three-in-one system of magnetic remote vision has reached the international advanced level. The total sampling rate of the system is 8Mb/s; the ground monitoring parameters are up to 2000, the total rate is up to 3MB/S; the monitoring display screen is about 60; 80% of the test flight data is processed in real time and near real time. In 1999, the system won the first prize of Science and Technology Progress of the former AVIC Corporation; in 2003, the ADAS/GDAS system was exported to foreign countries for the first time.
With the development of ADAS/GDAS to establish a milestone in the development of China's flight test technology, China's test system construction has changed from a complete set of introduction methods for “turnkey projects†to self-design, partial test equipment development, self-debugging and system integration. The construction mode of the identification test flight was completed, and the development and construction of the airborne test professional technology of the test flight center began to focus on deep development.
The development trend of test flight test technology in the world today
From the development of the US F-series aircraft and the European Airbus aircraft airborne test system, it can be seen that the airborne test system is gradually moving toward the network direction from the traditional system architecture.
In order to meet the needs of the 21st century, the US Department of Defense has proposed a development plan for a general airborne instrumentation system to achieve standardization, versatility and interchangeability of flight test equipment. After the promulgation of the CAIS standard, the CAIS bus came into being, and the system established accordingly has been successfully used on aircraft such as F/A-18E/F, F-22 and F-35. The success of CAIS is that it unifies the language of the test equipment used between flight test and certification agencies in the United States, and truly achieves a high degree of integration of data and information between flight test sub-systems and ground data systems. With integration, the efficiency of flight tests has been improved.
The system composition and network structure of the Airbus A380 flight test data acquisition network are relatively clear. The system adopts a network-based 4-layer architecture. The first layer is responsible for the acquisition and conditioning of traditional analog and digital signals. Complete data acquisition from the sensor layer and avionics bus, 1553B bus, serial bus; the third layer is the data collection and distribution layer, complete the data collection of each acquisition unit of the acquisition layer through the Ethernet switch, and allocate the data to the needs as needed Data processing, recording and telemetry equipment; and the final data recording and analysis layer includes a dual redundancy data recording system and a real-time data processing system.
However, what is more interesting is the enhanced telemetry integrated network project development plan launched by the American Experimental Center and the project evaluation investment agency in October 2004. The purpose of the plan is to independently develop a comprehensive enhanced telemetry network system for the test site and the test base, and solve the problems of experimental hollow ground network, telemetry broadband, multi-system information fusion analysis, etc., by airborne network system, telemetry radio transmission network system, The terrestrial network system consists of three parts, namely the establishment of a telemetry network system integrating air and space.
It is concluded that Ethernet will replace various dedicated buses to form a new network architecture for onboard data acquisition and recording. At this point, we can clearly see the development trend of international telemetry technology.
A new generation of networked universal airborne test system reopens the era
As new aircraft become more advanced and systems become more complex, test parameters begin to grow rapidly, and flight test parameters are increasing, from dozens of measurement parameters in the 1950s and 1960s to thousands in the 1980s. Test parameters, two or three thousand parameters in the 1990s, it is expected that the airborne acquisition parameters of large passenger aircraft will reach more than 20,000 in the 21st century. At the same time, with the pursuit of safety, economy and information technology in the new generation of aircraft test flight, various test equipments have increased from hundreds of pieces to several thousand pieces, and the data volume of one shelf test has also been from several tens of megabytes. With the addition of bytes to millions of megabytes, traditional test equipment and test techniques have been unable to meet the rapid growth in demand for modern flight test testing.
In March 2011, the test flight center began to develop a new generation of networked universal airborne test system. At present, the project has passed the test flight verification, broke through eight key technologies, formed a batch of patent groups, and gradually established China's comprehensive telemetry network. standard. In October 2014, the project won the “Aviation Industry Outstanding Research Project Awardâ€.
The equipment in the next-generation networked universal airborne test system has the advantages of high number, large capacity, intelligent management, etc. It also has the characteristics of standardization, building block and versatility, and can fully provide flight test telemetry airborne test. Equipment solutions will gradually meet the full range of application requirements from military aircraft to civil aircraft testing, single system to full state flight test in the future, opening up a new historical era for China's aviation aircraft development model.
Flight test technology is a systematic project composed of many disciplines. Now, in the test flight center, the test results are dazzling. A variety of test flight test parameters and antennas have been formed into series, and successfully applied in the aerospace test flight field, which has promoted the modernization process of national defense; the ground real-time safety monitoring system is the first in China, realizing various data associations for real-time monitoring, and Real-time monitoring and pre-alarming of aircraft fault trends have effectively improved the safety factor of scientific test flight; the time synchronization accuracy of the airborne BD/GPS timing locator IRIG-B code is better than 4 microseconds, and the technology is unique, speeding up a system in flight test. The pace of application.
In the exploration of flight test technology, the test flight center has formed a large, invisible "day" with advanced airborne photoelectric test, ground tracking test, shipboard platform photoelectric test and accompanying photoelectric photoelectric tracking test technology and means. "Net", wrote the glory of soaring the world and the blue sky, creating a miracle against the international and innovative development. In the near future, the test flight center will surely compete with international counterparts in the field of flight test and test technology.
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