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In recent years, biomass power plants are becoming an important source of energy and electricity. Biomass fuel is a green, renewable energy source that does not affect the total carbon dioxide balance in the atmosphere. Obtaining energy from biomass can reduce dependence on fossil fuels and energy imports, reduce environmental damage, achieve zero carbon emissions, and increase the utilization of agricultural production waste. However, using biomass combustion to generate electricity generates pollutants such as ash and flue gas [mainly composed of CO2 and nitrogen oxides (NOx)] in the power plant, and there are residues of magnesium, potassium, calcium, and other nutrients in the burned ash. The discharge of these pollutants has caused damage to the ecological environment and it is necessary to handle them before they can be safely discharged. Through the cultivation of energy microalgae, NOx and CO2 in flue gas can be removed, residual inorganic elements in power plant ash can be removed, environmental pollution can be reduced, and raw materials for biofuels can be provided to produce high value-added products.
The Wang Qiang group of the Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, used Chlorella sp. C2 as a material to study the micro-algae used in industrial flue gas NOx bio-reduction, mechanism of action and C/N metabolism balance, and based on this research, Further assess the feasibility of using ash and flue gas produced by biomass power plants as a nutrient source to produce oil from chlorella.
The study found that when the plant ash was incorporated into the medium as nutrient salts, the photosynthesis of Chlorella cells was enhanced by CO2 in the flue gas, which was 39% higher than that obtained in the conventional BG11 medium. 35% oil and biomass productivity. While the chlorella cells are growing, the NOx and CO2 concentrations in the flue gas are reduced, reaching a NOx denitrification efficiency close to 100% and a maximum CO2 removal rate of 0.46 gL-1d-1. After the completion of cultivation, the maximum treatment efficiency of the power plant ash was 13.33gL-1d-1, and almost no nutrient elements remained in the residual medium, and it could be safely discharged or recycled for continuous microalgae cultivation or farmland watering. Based on these results, the discipline group proposed for the first time a comprehensive recycling economic and technological strategy for biomass power plant waste (Figure), that is, through the use of industrial waste released during the power generation process of biomass power plants as a nutrient for microalgae cultivation, and at the same time, production of organisms. Oils and other high value-added products enable the production of negative carbon bio-energy, and bring economic, social and environmental benefits.
The research work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China, the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province, the State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology of the Institute of Fisheries, and the Science and Technology Services Network Initiative (STS) project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. The related research results are published on Applied Energy online using the topic of Algal biofuel production coupled bioremediation of biomass power plant wastes based on Chlorella sp. C2 cultivation.
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