"Spring tea is bitter, summer tea is astringent, to taste good, autumn white dew (referring to autumn tea)." This is a summary of the quality of tea in different seasons. In Guangdong, where sunshine is long, summer is a time not to be missed. At this time, the growth rate of tea is extremely fast, coupled with the high temperature, the traditional manual picking is labor-intensive and labor-intensive. Recently, the reporter learned from the traditional tea production area in Meizhou that modern machinery picking is gradually replacing manual labor because of reduced labor intensity and improved picking efficiency.
"We have about 30% of the tea gardens in Meizhou that have been mechanized", but the disadvantages of machine tea picking are also obvious. "The tea leaves picked are messy and require manual selection. In addition, the tea leaves picked by the tea picking machine are difficult to guarantee a bud One leaf is far from the precision and high quality of artificial tea picking. "Zhong Liang, director of Meizhou Tea Association and director of Guangdong Yinlongshan Organic Tea Science and Technology Park, told reporters that we are still quite far away from real intelligent robots picking tea. AI Robots will kill the jobs of many professionals, but tea pickers may not.
Artificially high and aging, tea pickers are hard to find
"Three days early picking is a treasure, and three days late picking is grass." This is a particularly valuable visual metaphor for the tea industry's annual tea picking time. According to Zhong Liang, local tea companies will intermittently experience a “labor shortageâ€, especially in the summer tea picking season, where there is a shortage of tea pickers.
Meizhou is the main tea producing area in Guangdong. The tea area accounts for a quarter of the total tea area in Guangdong Province, about 200,000 mu. "Hakka tea" is its unique tea product. Like the more famous variety Shancong, it can be picked 4-5 times a year: spring tea, second spring, summer tea, autumn tea, and winter tea.
During the summer tea picking period this year, the reporter saw at the Shangguantang Organic Tea Base in Meixian, one of the largest tea growing areas in the local area, that most of the tea pickers are women and the elderly, and many companies lamented that the weather was hot and it was difficult to find labor.
Especially for organic tea farms, in order to ensure that the environment is pollution-free, many are built in places such as high mountains with few personnel activities. The mountain roads are rugged and overgrown, and the picking environment is not good. Situation, it is difficult to hire tea workers at any time. Wages are too high for companies to bear, wages are reduced, and they do not attract people. "This year's labor costs range from 150 to 200 yuan. Some of them cost more than 50,000 yuan, such as deep mountain wild ancient tree tea." Zhong Liang added.
During the picking of spring tea this year, many tea farms suffered from the shortage of labor. Zhong Liang said that the Hakka Tea Research Institute in Meizhou has selected and cultivated the "Chinese Golden Leaf Single Bush" and "Chinese Royal Single Bush" In the previous year, he started to cultivate "Chinese Purple Leaf Single Bush" (also known as "Ziqi Donglai Single Bush"), and selected a female parent garden in several high mountain tea areas. However, during this year's spring tea, when there is a sudden "cold spring", we must do a good job of protecting the female tea tree of purple tea, and we must pick and make tea. In the original plan, ten people could do the protection work in one day. Only six people were invited. Three days before the preparation, the frost on the second and third days was just finished, and more than 30 acres of tea were frozen. Due to lack of people, more than 100,000 yuan was lost.
"Robot" is not capable of picking tea
In recent years, one of the hottest projects should be "machine substitution". Many industries have used advanced machines instead of labor. The tea industry is no exception. In Yingde, another major tea producing area in Guangdong, a mechanized technology demonstration meeting for Guangdong tea production was held for several consecutive years.
At the unveiling ceremony of the Mingde Agricultural Professional Cooperative in Yingde City and the promotion of mechanization of tea cultivating production in this year, the words of Liang Zhiyu, executive vice chairman of the Yingde Tea Industry Association, attracted many practitioners to resonate: "Each tea company knows clearly, There are so few times every year that no one is invited when picking tea, plowing and fertilizing, and pruning. Farmers have to go home and allocate peanuts, rice, sugarcane, and sweet potatoes. Please do n’t come back to do whatever you want! †Last year, hundreds of acres of tea gardens in local enterprises were wasted, because no one was invited to pick tea. "
"At present, our mechanized picking can not be fully automated. We use the" human-machine integration "tea picking machine, which is operated by half people and half machines. For example, the tea picking machine used in Meizhou is divided into single and double, and the double machine is one day. It can pick about 2000 pounds of tea, and the daily workload of an artificial person is only about 30 pounds. The machine picks tea quickly, but the quality is poor. "Only one bud with two leaves and one bud with three leaves can be picked, and the quality is the highest and the most expensive. Artificial single buds and single leaves are still inseparable from manual picking. According to Zhong Liang, from the current situation of use, machine-picked tea leaves have major limitations in actual operation. In addition, to realize tea-picked tea harvesting, we must also achieve many aspects such as infrastructure support, tea garden layout, tea tree varieties, etc. Claim.
In the area of ​​Zhejiang, the main tea producing area, some large tea companies like Hangzhou and Ningbo have tried machine picking, but the cost is too high and it should be difficult to fully carry out. During the reporter's interview, many tea practitioners said that the most important thing for tea is to make selections, and that manual filtering can be achieved. To pick out truly high-quality green tea, we still have to rely on manual fine picking. "
The road to mechanized tea picking is still long
In view of the Chinese preference for high-end tea and tender leaf tea in the thousands of years of tea drinking culture, such as single buds or one bud one leaf, it is currently difficult to completely separate from manual picking.
However, the reporter learned that there are companies designing and researching self-propelled intelligent field tea-picking robots. In terms of indicators, all can meet the design requirements, and can form an effect equivalent to manual picking. "However, according to the current development level of artificial intelligence, Zhong Liang admitted to apply it to the actual operation of tea picking, there is still a long way to go, but at least pointed out the future development direction.
Experts point out that the Japanese tea industry is worth learning from, and they have been promoting machine-picking since the 1970s. At present, tea garden cultivation, tea tree pruning, and tea picking have been fully mechanized. They have developed a variety of tea-picking machinery, suitable for plains, mountainous areas, and remote-control tea-picking machinery. The proportion of mechanical tea-picking is currently increased to 90%. Their approach is worthy of our reference.
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