Due to special cells called pigment cells, squid, octopus and cuttlefish can change the color of the skin. Scientists have now replicated how these cells work, resulting in a flexible material that can capture or release heat as needed.
Each pigment contains a pigment sac, usually expressed as a small dot. However, when the muscle surrounding one of the cells contracted, the colored sac flattened into a disc shape, making it appear larger. Therefore, when many adjacent pigment sacs are all flat with each other, the animal's skin changes from the basic color to other colors.
Inspired by this system, researchers at the University of California, Irvine have developed a material that contains a layer of tiny metal "islands" adjacent to each other. "In a relaxed state, these 'islands' gather together, and the material reflects and captures heat, just like a traditional Mylar space blanket," said Erica Leung, a graduate student and first author of the research paper. "When the material is stretched, the 'islands' separate, allowing infrared radiation to pass through and heat up."
Leung added that the material is lightweight, inexpensive, easy to manufacture, and can withstand thousands of stretching and release cycles. Scientists hope that this technology can be used in space blankets and other products in the future, and can also be applied in construction, clothing and other industries.
"The temperature people feel comfortable in the office is slightly different for everyone," said Alon Gorodetsky, co-author and assistant professor of the paper. "Our invention can adjust clothes to suit the comfort of everyone in the room. This can save 30% to 40% of heating and air conditioning energy use."
In a demonstration demonstrating how this garment works, the scientists used this material to create a sleeve that can be manually stretched or loosened by attachments similar to Velcro. The sleeve was successfully used to regulate the skin temperature of the wearer's forearm.
The paper was recently published in the journal Nature.
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