In recent years, with the increasing labor costs and the relatively low price of fruits, the fruit farmers are reluctant to carry out follow-up management of the orchard after harvest. The reasons are as follows: First, reduce manpower and material resources and save production costs; second, they can work part-time. Work and earn extra income. The above situation has improved the income of the agricultural population to a certain extent, but it also led to the breeding of pests and diseases in most of the pear orchards in China, which is not conducive to the management of plant pests and diseases in the next year. The following is a brief introduction to several autumn pest management techniques and measures that are commonly used in southern orchards, which are cheap, easy to use, labor-saving and time-saving.
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Taking the Hanshui Shali production area as an example, the post-harvest pear pests are mainly pear-sucking mosquitoes, scale insects, spider mites, chafers and other noctuids, which are harmful to the leaves. The disease is mainly black spot disease which can cause early leaf detachment. Anthracnose, black spot disease and round sickness.
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1 , using sweet and sour wine to prevent and control a variety of pests
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Sweet and sour wine is a traditional pollution-free control measure, low cost, simple preparation, and can trap a variety of fruit tree pests. In recent years, the main means of pest control / green / organic orchard pest control. The study found that the ratio of sugar, wine, vinegar and water to different components will have different trapping effects on target pests. Research on pear pest prevention and control team of China Agricultural University found that sugar: wine: vinegar: water = 3:1:3:80 or 6:1:3:80 , the common fungus trapping effect on pear orchard is better (brown sugar is better than white sugar) . In addition, if there are residual scarabs in the pear orchard, you can also smash them into pots, sprinkle some sugar and vinegar, and mix in a small amount of stomach poisoning insecticide (such as trichlorfon) to concentrate on trapping.
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2 , the trunk binds the straw, traps the winter pests
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Pests such as P. sinensis, P. sinensis and other pests have hidden habits of wintering, and they like to find some warm-skinned old skins or tree-soil grounds and other places to overwinter. Taking advantage of this habit, in the early winter of August-October , the straw is tied to straw, straw rope or corrugated paper to form a “trap beltâ€. After the leaves are deciduous, the insect belt is concentrated for incineration or deep burial treatment, which can kill a large number of winter pests. Effectively reduce the number of wintering insect populations. The general "trap belt" is tied to the height of the trunk more than 40cm above the ground .
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3 , control leaf diseases, ensure nutrient reflux
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After harvesting in the southern pear orchard, the general weather is still suitable for the pathogenesis of pathogenic bacteria. If the prevention and treatment is not timely, it will cause the disease of the leaves to occur, causing the leaf nutrient return to be blocked, affecting the tree reserve nutrients, thus weakening the tree. At this time, it is advisable to use a drug with a long-lasting effect depending on the field conditions, and the concentration may be appropriately increased. It is recommended to use lime equal-sized Bordeaux mixture ( 1:1:200 ) in combination with pyrethroid insecticides, and to treat autumn sorghum and leaf mites.
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4 , early autumn application of base fertilizer to promote tree recovery
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In theory, the base fertilizer can be applied before the germination of the pear trees in the spring of the second year. However, from the practical point of view, the application of base fertilizer is best in the middle and late October , when fertilization can promote the growth of pear roots in autumn, quickly restore the tree potential, and enhance the ability to resist pests and diseases. The base fertilizer should be based on the long-lasting organic fertilizer (circle fertilizer, branch waste and compost), and a small amount of chemical fertilizer (such as phosphate fertilizer) can not only increase soil nutrients, but also improve soil structure with deep turning. To the insulation and cold protection.
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Specific fertilization principle: For saplings, it is recommended to fertilize 10kg/ plant per year, 20kg/ plant in 2-3 years , 25kg/ plant in 4-5 years ; for adult pear orchard, the amount of organic fertilizer applied is about 1500kg/ mu. It is 3m × 4m ); the amount of base fertilizer applied to pear trees in the fruiting period can be balanced according to the theoretical amount of nitrogen , phosphorus and potassium required for the planned yield ( about 0.6 kg of nitrogen , 0.3 kg of phosphorus and 0.7 kg of potassium per 100 kg of fruit ).
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