In the past 10 years, China's tool industry has continued to grow at a high speed. It has experienced the baptism of the financial turmoil in the winter of 2009 and the Spring of 2010. Although many small businesses have closed down, many new partners have been added, and they are still developing rapidly with strong momentum. It is a joy and a worry, and people in the industry have different opinions. Behind the rapid development, enterprises are also clearly aware that the high growth rate of the domestic tool industry is not high, and a considerable number of them are profitable at the expense of the environment and based on cheap labor. Twist drills, taper shank drills, taps, saw blades and other low-end markets are in a mixed battle, while high-end products are growing slowly. Most of the high-tech, sophisticated, and sophisticated tools in the automotive, mold, and aerospace industries rely on imports. At present, China's metal cutting tools have begun to shift from high-speed steel tools to the development and production of cemented carbide tools, but the strength is not enough, still in the low-end. Therefore, it is imperative to make a transition to high-end products as a very important task, especially the slowdown of the US economy, the weak European market, and the obstruction of low-end tool exports. From the perspective of energy and raw materials, a large number of low-end export tools are out of date. . Statistics from the China Machine Tool Industry Association show that China consumes 40% of the world's tool materials, but sales revenue only accounts for 12% to 15% of the world's tools, which shows that it does not meet the country's resource-saving scientific development concept. . To this end, the development of China's tool industry during the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" period will present the following trends: (1) The momentum of high-speed development is unstoppable. Although there are macro-controls, it is still in a stage of sustainable development. (2) "Speed, precision, efficiency, environmental protection" has become the industry consensus. (3) The competition is fierce. State-owned enterprises have been restructured and restructured, foreign-funded enterprises have settled in, private enterprises have risen, and the survival of the fittest has been directed at the above-mentioned severe situation. The domestic tool industry should review the situation and market-oriented, actively adjust the industrial structure, upgrade product grades, and develop and adapt to the people's livelihood, such as automobiles, high-speed rail, and home appliances. New tool. Looking around the hot machinery, molds, energy and other popular industries in recent years, China's tool market prospects are very broad. Nowadays, China has become a major machinery manufacturing country in the world. In the future, the world's tool market will be in China. The occupation of the Chinese market will occupy the international market. Transforming the concept Accelerating the development of the cutting concept involves two aspects: the concept of thinking and the concept of production and management. (1) The idea of ​​improving the efficiency and reducing the cost? The cutting speed has increased by 5 to 10 times in the past 20 years, but the processing efficiency has only increased by 50% to 100%. One of the original causes is the improvement of cutting efficiency. It is occupied by a large amount of non-cutting time. In recent years, China's cutting machine tools have developed rapidly, and the number of possessions is far ahead in the world, ranking first, but the tool industry is far behind. As the saying goes, good horses are equipped with good saddles. If advanced machine tools are not matched with advanced tools, efficient machining efficiency will not be realized, which will seriously affect the improvement of production efficiency and restrict the development of manufacturing to modernization. The concept of heavy-duty light tools has been ingrained in many people's minds. The cutting technology and the backwardness of the cutting tool industry are largely due to the fact that the use of tools by the company is stuck in the old traditional concept of using cheap tools to control costs rather than Efficient tools are used to reduce costs by increasing machining efficiency. If advanced cutting machines such as CNC machine tools and machining centers are equipped with corresponding high-efficiency tools, there will be no market for low-end tools and counterfeit and shoddy products. China's processing industry will take a big step forward. Although the tool cost in modern processing only accounts for 3% to 4% of the manufacturing cost, it has a great impact on the total cost, the processing efficiency is increased by 20%, the processing cost can be reduced by 15%, and the price of the cheap tool is reduced by 20%. Processing costs are only reduced by 0.5%; tool life is doubled and processing costs can only be reduced by 1.5%. Therefore, more and more people realize that increasing the input of cutting tools for high-speed cutting is the most effective means to improve efficiency and reduce costs. This is a leap in cutting concepts in recent years. I hope this concept will become the conscious action of enterprises. (2) Production and management concept The conservative concept of the old-fashioned and unconventional approach has far exceeded the impact of technological backwardness in the development of modern and efficient cutting tools in China. From the development of traditional standard tools to modern high-efficiency tools, the Chinese tool industry has undergone a process of transformation that is reborn and full of difficulties and hardships. This process of change has caused some companies to retreat, not to face difficulties, but to stay in place or even to go backwards. In this regard, it should be recognized that change is the need of the times, and if it does not change, it will retreat or die. China's manufacturing industry is developing at an alarming rate. It is only taking automobile manufacturing as an example: it took 36 years from 1956 to 1992 to develop to 1 million vehicles, and it took only 4 years from 1992 to 1996. The production of 1.5 million vehicles has become a development trend of geometric series. In 2008, it has exceeded 10 million vehicles. China has become a global automobile production country. Automobiles are the leading industry, and its rapid development has driven the passive development of related industries. A huge modern manufacturing system has emerged in China. Therefore, no matter from the survival space of China's tool industry itself or the overall need to improve competitiveness of China's manufacturing industry, tool companies accelerate structural adjustment and promote efficient tooling. Development has become an urgent task, and the result of stagnation and adherence to stereotypes is the collapse. Only by changing the theory of production and management, liberating from the traditional standard tool cages, it is a smooth way to manufacture efficient tools that meet market demands and are marketable. Focus on material selection Improve quality In machining, machining is the most basic and reliable precision machining method. The competition in the 21st century machinery manufacturing industry is essentially the competition of precision high-speed cutting. This kind of competition is all-round. At present, with the adoption of new technologies such as high-stiffness integrated casting bed, high-speed arithmetic CNC system and spindle dynamic balance, and the continuous development of tool materials, modern cutting technology is developing in the direction of high speed, high precision and strong cutting. The performance, quality and reliability of tool materials directly affect the production efficiency of millions of expensive CNC machine tools in China's manufacturing industry and the quality of processing. It also directly affects the technical level and economy of the entire machinery manufacturing industry. The level of efficiency. "The dividend of the company is on the cutting edge" vividly characterizes the position and role of the tool in the enterprise. Tool material is the basis of the tool industry, and the development of tool materials plays a decisive role in improving the cutting performance of the tool. Without good tool materials, where do good tools come from? Where does efficient cutting come from? High-speed steel was introduced in 1900, which made the cutting speed three times higher than that of the original alloy steel cutter; the carbide tool promoted in the middle of the 20th century made the cutting speed higher than that of high-speed steel by 2 to 3 times; now used cubic boron nitride and Superhard material tools such as ceramics increase the cutting speed several times. Today's tool materials are mainly high-speed steel, hard alloy and super-hard materials. (1) High-speed tool steel GB/T9943-2008 "High-speed tool steel" divides high-speed steel into three grades: low-alloy high-speed steel (HSS-L), ordinary high-speed steel (HSS), high-performance high-speed steel (HSS-E) ). The so-called low-alloy high-speed steel refers to a high-speed steel having a tungsten equivalent (W+2Mo) of less than 12% but having to be ≥7%. This steel has been subjected to proper heat treatment and its hardness can be ≥63HRC. It plays an important role in low-speed cutting tools such as rolled twist drills and machine taps. However, many domestic tool experts do not agree. They say that low-alloy high-speed steel does not meet the requirements. High-speed steel performance requirements, suspected of counterfeiting, and a bad reputation in the international market, should be expelled from high-speed steel. In fact, since the advent of HSS-L in China in the 1980s, in all parts of the country, especially in Jiangsu and Zhejiang, the counterfeit and shoddy is very embarrassing, using alloy steel to impersonate low-alloy high-speed steel, knowing that it is not a high-speed steel, and it is also a commodity. The landmark "HSS" is really "there is no silver three hundred and two here." HSS-E is to increase the elements such as Co, V, and Al on the basis of HSS, and increase C accordingly to improve its hardness and red hardness. The price of the material is expensive, but it highlights its ability when cutting difficult materials. Due to the rapid development of CNC machine tools, machining centers and difficult-to-machine materials, the application of HSS-E will gradually increase. The mechanical properties of powder high-speed steel are significantly improved compared with smelting high-speed steel, the strength can be increased by 20% to 30%, and the toughness is increased by 1.5 to 2 times. And the safety and reliability are strong. The tool life is several times that of HSS steel tools. It has been widely used in foreign countries, but it has rarely been used in China. (2) Cemented carbide High-speed steel dominates tool materials for more than 100 years. Due to the rapid development of high-speed cutting, dry cutting and hard cutting, cemented carbide has become the new overlord of tool materials. In recent years, the development and utilization of ultra-fine particle cemented carbide and super-hard coating technology for the addition of rare earth metal-containing cemented carbide, nanotechnology, and strength and toughness have significantly improved the high-efficiency cutting performance of cemented carbide. The application field of cemented carbide has been greatly expanded. Nowadays, high-efficiency and advanced tools are basically dominated by cemented carbide. (3) Superhard tool materials These materials mainly refer to ceramics, cubic boron nitride, and diamond. They have high hardness and wear resistance, so they can improve cutting efficiency, and in recent years, the application range in the manufacturing industry has gradually expanded. Superhard tools and their materials have production bases and suppliers in China. The key question is whether users are sincerely used. In the mold processing industry, superhard tools play an important role, and it is believed that such tool materials will have a very broad application prospect. Good tool materials must be supported by good heat treatment. This is the case for example the application of the Ace High Speed ​​Steel M42. At present, there are two misunderstandings on the use of M42 steel: one is to blindly pursue high hardness; the other is to formulate a heat treatment process. Superhard high speed steel does not have to be super hard. M42 steel can reach 68~70HRC through proper heat treatment. Such high hardness is not suitable for most tools. The life of the tool has never been based on the hardness. We pursue high hardness, but not only high hardness. High hardness is required under the premise of satisfying toughness. Although the same grade of high-speed steel to make different tools, the heat treatment process should be used, that is, the heat treatment process should be personalized, and the formula heat treatment process has been outdated. Surface strengthening techniques such as PVD and CVD have achieved significant developments in tools, and even superhard tools such as hard alloys have to be added. However, it should be remembered that even the coating must have good pre-treatment for support, such as high-speed steel cutters with low hardness or overheating, the coating will not have good results. Therefore, in order to strengthen the surface, the foundation must be firmly established. Technological innovation catches up with the powerful country "Improve efficiency and reduce costs" is the core of manufacturing competition in the world. Who does the company do not want to make money? As the prices of raw materials and energy rise, workers' wages and related expenses are rising, and product sales prices can never keep up with the increase in costs. All tool industries are facing the test of survival and development. Therefore, we must try to improve labor productivity and take the road of technological innovation. The long-term economic strength of developed countries depends mainly on technological innovation. According to statistics, in the global investment in science and technology development, the western seven countries account for 90%, of which enterprises account for more than 70%, so 80% of global intellectual property rights are owned by seven western countries and multinational corporations. Developed countries rely on this advantage to monopolize capital in the high-end technology of the industrial chain. Modern tool companies are responsible for improving the productivity of manufacturing labor. Therefore, developed countries have invested heavily in research and development of new materials, new coatings, new technologies, new processes and tool-specific digital manufacturing technologies, and have developed efficient tools from generation to generation, firmly occupying international tools. In the high-end market, there are dozens of foreign tool manufacturers in China that operate their prosperous tools. China's Shanggong, Chengliang, Haliang, Hangong, Hengfeng, Zhuzhou Diamond, Xiamen Golden Heron and other well-known tool companies, developed root groove milling cutter, carbide gear hob, Christmas tree milling cutter, octagonal milling Knives, carbide-type knives, wave-edge end mills, non-standard knives, and HSK shanks and double-end shanks for high-speed cutting tools are quite lethal. Although many domestic enterprises have strong technological innovation capabilities, there is still a big gap compared with well-known foreign companies. Therefore, we will increase our development efforts and take tool innovation as a long-term strategic task. We will take a solid step in the manufacture of complex and efficient tools and make our due contribution to catching up with the world power. Strengthening services Stabilizing the market For the tool industry, only high-quality branded products are far from enough, and more importantly, to provide customers with comprehensive metal cutting solutions. Tool manufacturers should shift from simply supplying standard tool products to producing strategically advanced and efficient tools as quickly as possible and providing services. Speaking of services, everyone will naturally think of products such as after-sales service, technical services, etc., but the service I am talking about here is an innovative concept, which is related to the business model of the enterprise. Simply put, product-oriented companies earn processing fees by processing materials into tools; development-oriented companies sell both tools and technology; service-oriented companies not only sell tools, but also provide technical support and other services. The practice of some foreign tool manufacturers is worth learning. For example, on April 1 this year, Sandvik Coromant Greater China Chengdu Training Center officially opened, and invited well-known tool experts at home and abroad to teach. Since the establishment of the Shanghai Efficiency Center in 2004, Sandvik Coromant has opened training centers in Tianjin, Guangzhou and Xi'an, and established an application center in Shanghai. This series of measures can not only provide better training and services for users, but also communicate and share experiences with colleagues in the industry to promote the long-term development of the cutting tool industry. In today's increasingly modern manufacturing industry, tool companies need to extend services, increase service projects, and improve service levels. This is the key to improving the competitiveness of enterprises. "The wine is not afraid of the deep alley" has some truth, but not comprehensive. The power of public opinion and advertising cannot be underestimated. In the era of planned economy, influenced by “small but complete†and “big and completeâ€, in terms of tools industry-related enterprises, they all have their own tool manufacturing workshops and even branch factories, in addition to purchasing some standard tools in the market. Other tools are solved by themselves, and it is considered unnecessary to make service requests to the tool industry. Nowadays, more and more manufacturing industries have not only removed the tool shop, but also the tool grinding department. Even the tool engineers and craftsmen are undermining. The purpose is to highlight the main business. Accelerating development is a major step forward for the manufacturing industry to keep pace with the times. However, the business of tools and processes within the manufacturing industry has to be managed. To fill this vacancy is definitely the tool manufacturing industry, that is, the specialized division of labor. This kind of division of labor requires tool companies to dare to reform and innovate, to cross the traditional tools and after-sales service, to show the new style of modern tool companies. Under the framework of modern manufacturing, the future development of tool companies can only be a stable partner in the manufacturing sector by improving their ability to provide full-service for the manufacturing industry, thus achieving stable and reliable market share. Author: Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Top Tool Company Zhaobu Qing
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