Soil testing and formula fertilization technology is a new technology promoted in agricultural production today. According to different types of crops and different growth stages, formulating fertilization according to soil nutrient content can greatly increase the yield of crops and save production costs. Here is a brief introduction of the fertilization methods of different types of vegetables summarized in the soil test of the soil testing and fertilization project in our county last year.
1 Vegetable growth characteristics and fertilization methods
1.1 Vegetables are generally short-term nutritional crops, which can be re-broadcast. Many kinds of vegetables such as Chinese cabbage, radish, melon, cucumber and so on are often up to 5000 kg, so the amount of fertilizer is large. Some fast-growing vegetables such as Chinese cabbage, season radish, leeks, etc., due to the short growing season, the nutrients absorbed per unit time are much more than the long-lived and high-yielding vegetables. Therefore, more quick-acting fertilizer should be applied during cultivation.
1.2 The absorption of soil nutrients by vegetables is largely determined by the development of roots. The roots are generally deep and wide, with more roots, roots of vegetables (pumpkins, melons, etc.) and larger root vegetables (beets, carrots, Eggplant, etc., can absorb more nutrients and grow on thin soil, fertilization can be extensive; cucumbers, onions, lettuce, etc., which have poor root development, shallow distribution, and poor nutrient absorption, must be planted in fertile soil. On, and to fine fertilize.
1.3 The requirements for soil nutrient conditions in different growth stages of vegetables are different. The root system of different vegetable seedlings is still underdeveloped, and the amount of nutrients absorbed is not too much. However, the fertilizer requirements are very high, and some thin quick-acting fertilizers should be applied appropriately; vegetable nutrition growth period and In the result period, it is necessary to absorb a large amount of nutrients, and sufficient fertilizer must be supplied. Usually, staged topdressing, organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer alternate, NPK fertilizer and micro-fertilizer balance, fertilization and irrigation are combined to fully exert the fertilizer yield increase effect. .
1.4 According to the characteristics of fast growth of vegetables, weak roots and high yield, organic fertilizers combined with chemical fertilizers can not only provide a variety of nutrients for vegetables, but also help to increase yield and improve quality with the decomposition of organic fertilizers.
2 Classification and fertilization techniques for different vegetables
Leafy vegetables Leafy vegetables mainly include cabbage, green vegetables, spinach, and leeks. Leaf-plant topdressing is mainly based on nitrogen fertilizer, but at the same time of application of nitrogen fertilizer, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers need to be added. For example, when cultivated Chinese cabbage, two fertilizations before entering the rosette period and before the core are the key to high yield. If the supply of nitrogen fertilizer is insufficient during the whole growth period, the plants are short and the tissues are coarse and hard, and the leafy vegetables cultivated in spring are easy to be convulsed early; if the phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are insufficient in the late stage, the ball is often difficult to form.
Fruits and vegetables Fruits and vegetables include melons, solanaceous fruits and beans, and the edible parts are reproductive organs. Generally, the seedlings need more nitrogen fertilizer, but excessive application of nitrogen fertilizer is easy to cause long, but prolong the flowering result, leading to falling flowers and fruit; into the reproductive growth period, the amount of phosphate fertilizer needs to increase sharply, and the amount of nitrogen fertilizer needed to be slightly reduced. Therefore, phosphorus should be added. Potassium fertilizer, control the amount of nitrogen fertilizer. After the cucumber is placed on the melon, it should be re-fertilized. Each batch of melon should be supplemented with a fertilizer.
Root vegetables Root vegetables mainly include radishes, carrots, broccoli, etc., and the edible part is fleshy root. In the early stage of root vegetables, more nitrogen fertilizer should be applied to promote the formation of hypertrophic green leaves; in the middle and late growth stages (the fleshy root growth period), more potassium fertilizer should be applied, the amount of nitrogen fertilizer should be properly controlled, and the assimilation of leaves should be promoted to the roots to form a strong fleshy root. . If there is too much nitrogen fertilizer and insufficient potassium fertilizer in the late growth stage of root vegetables, it is easy to make the aboveground part grow, the rhizome is small, the yield is decreased, and the quality is deteriorated.
3 facilities for cultivation of organic fertilizer
Protected vegetables such as greenhouses, the amount of fertilizer per unit area is much larger than that of exposed vegetables, and because there is no rainwater leaching, most of the remaining fertilizer remains in the soil, making the soil solution concentration too high, hindering the roots from absorbing nutrients, so protection For the cultivation of vegetables, the full effect of the former sorghum fertilizer should be fully considered, and organic fertilizer should be applied more, and the chemical fertilizer should be applied less to avoid the damage of the sorghum vegetables due to the accumulation of salt.
1 Vegetable growth characteristics and fertilization methods
1.1 Vegetables are generally short-term nutritional crops, which can be re-broadcast. Many kinds of vegetables such as Chinese cabbage, radish, melon, cucumber and so on are often up to 5000 kg, so the amount of fertilizer is large. Some fast-growing vegetables such as Chinese cabbage, season radish, leeks, etc., due to the short growing season, the nutrients absorbed per unit time are much more than the long-lived and high-yielding vegetables. Therefore, more quick-acting fertilizer should be applied during cultivation.
1.2 The absorption of soil nutrients by vegetables is largely determined by the development of roots. The roots are generally deep and wide, with more roots, roots of vegetables (pumpkins, melons, etc.) and larger root vegetables (beets, carrots, Eggplant, etc., can absorb more nutrients and grow on thin soil, fertilization can be extensive; cucumbers, onions, lettuce, etc., which have poor root development, shallow distribution, and poor nutrient absorption, must be planted in fertile soil. On, and to fine fertilize.
1.3 The requirements for soil nutrient conditions in different growth stages of vegetables are different. The root system of different vegetable seedlings is still underdeveloped, and the amount of nutrients absorbed is not too much. However, the fertilizer requirements are very high, and some thin quick-acting fertilizers should be applied appropriately; vegetable nutrition growth period and In the result period, it is necessary to absorb a large amount of nutrients, and sufficient fertilizer must be supplied. Usually, staged topdressing, organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer alternate, NPK fertilizer and micro-fertilizer balance, fertilization and irrigation are combined to fully exert the fertilizer yield increase effect. .
1.4 According to the characteristics of fast growth of vegetables, weak roots and high yield, organic fertilizers combined with chemical fertilizers can not only provide a variety of nutrients for vegetables, but also help to increase yield and improve quality with the decomposition of organic fertilizers.
2 Classification and fertilization techniques for different vegetables
Leafy vegetables Leafy vegetables mainly include cabbage, green vegetables, spinach, and leeks. Leaf-plant topdressing is mainly based on nitrogen fertilizer, but at the same time of application of nitrogen fertilizer, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers need to be added. For example, when cultivated Chinese cabbage, two fertilizations before entering the rosette period and before the core are the key to high yield. If the supply of nitrogen fertilizer is insufficient during the whole growth period, the plants are short and the tissues are coarse and hard, and the leafy vegetables cultivated in spring are easy to be convulsed early; if the phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are insufficient in the late stage, the ball is often difficult to form.
Fruits and vegetables Fruits and vegetables include melons, solanaceous fruits and beans, and the edible parts are reproductive organs. Generally, the seedlings need more nitrogen fertilizer, but excessive application of nitrogen fertilizer is easy to cause long, but prolong the flowering result, leading to falling flowers and fruit; into the reproductive growth period, the amount of phosphate fertilizer needs to increase sharply, and the amount of nitrogen fertilizer needed to be slightly reduced. Therefore, phosphorus should be added. Potassium fertilizer, control the amount of nitrogen fertilizer. After the cucumber is placed on the melon, it should be re-fertilized. Each batch of melon should be supplemented with a fertilizer.
Root vegetables Root vegetables mainly include radishes, carrots, broccoli, etc., and the edible part is fleshy root. In the early stage of root vegetables, more nitrogen fertilizer should be applied to promote the formation of hypertrophic green leaves; in the middle and late growth stages (the fleshy root growth period), more potassium fertilizer should be applied, the amount of nitrogen fertilizer should be properly controlled, and the assimilation of leaves should be promoted to the roots to form a strong fleshy root. . If there is too much nitrogen fertilizer and insufficient potassium fertilizer in the late growth stage of root vegetables, it is easy to make the aboveground part grow, the rhizome is small, the yield is decreased, and the quality is deteriorated.
3 facilities for cultivation of organic fertilizer
Protected vegetables such as greenhouses, the amount of fertilizer per unit area is much larger than that of exposed vegetables, and because there is no rainwater leaching, most of the remaining fertilizer remains in the soil, making the soil solution concentration too high, hindering the roots from absorbing nutrients, so protection For the cultivation of vegetables, the full effect of the former sorghum fertilizer should be fully considered, and organic fertilizer should be applied more, and the chemical fertilizer should be applied less to avoid the damage of the sorghum vegetables due to the accumulation of salt.
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