As a high-grade health vegetable, glutinous rice has been rapidly planted in our city in recent years. Since the introduction of several varieties in 1998, the planting area has reached more than 600 hm2, and we have achieved it in the past few years. The experience is summarized as follows.
First, choose excellent varieties
There are many varieties of amaranth used for cultivation of sorghum, and there are two kinds of large leaves and small leaves according to the size of the leaves; early and late varieties of ripening, early-maturing varieties, and late-maturing varieties are classified according to the maturity. We have introduced several varieties in recent years. After trial and comparison, it is considered that the "Xipu éŸ" in Chengdu, Sichuan Province is good. The variety has the advantages of fast growth, high yield, cold tolerance, fertilizer resistance and disease resistance. It has stronger tillering ability than common leeks, and the leaves are wide, thick and numerous. High, the pseudo stem is not easy to fall, the horse root is less, it is not easy to float, the disease is less, and the yield is high, but it is currently ideal for softening cultivars.
Second, soil selection
The cultivation of sassafras is more demanding on the soil. It is better to choose sandy loam with deep soil layer, high organic matter content, loose and ventilated, water and fertilizer, and capable of irrigation.
Third, the soil preparation
Amaranth is a vegetable that has been harvested for many years. It will not be ploughed in the future. Therefore, it is necessary to deepen the soil layer before planting to facilitate root development. It is better to deepen the soil layer by 25-30cm. After deep ploughing, the soil is exposed for 3-5 days, and the large soil is broken and finely ground. For the sake of irrigation and drainage, the small plot can be made about 10m wide, and the north-south to the turtle-shaped scorpion. The large plot is not used as a raft. Ditch for drainage.
Fourth, choose the appropriate cultivation method
Amaranth can be planted and planted in spring and autumn, and spring is good. The time is from mid-March to mid-May. Autumn is in late September to early October.
1. Live broadcast. For each 667m2, the amount of seed is 2kg. Before planting, the seeding groove with the east-west direction, the bottom surface is flat, the depth is 17-20cm, and the bottom width is about 17cm. Dig the bottom of the ditch, smash the flat soil and sprinkle a thin layer of fine sand to fill the soil gap, and then sow. In order to make the seeding uniform, the seeds are in the same depth and the seedlings are neat, and a seeding plate must be specially made (the length of the board is 1m, the width is 8-10cm, and the rope is lifted and tied). The board is placed in the seeding ditch, one person is in front. Slowly drag, the other person gently presses the board behind, so that a flat impression appears in the groove, and the seed is evenly spread in the impression after being dragged. After sowing, cover a thin layer of fine sand, the thickness is not more than 0.5cm, and then apply fully decomposed human excrement, the concentration is 1 part of human excrement to 2-3 parts of water, about 667m2 with good human excrement 1000kg.
2. Transplanting by ramets. Prepare the seedlings separated from the old carp, about 4000-5000 per 667m2, and open the east-west, 20-25cm deep trench with a groove distance of 30-35cm. Each 667m2 is applied with 2000-3000kg of decomposed farmyard manure or 1000-1500kg of organic compound fertilizer and 50kg of superphosphate. After fully mixing the fertilizer with the soil, the separated seed will be placed in the ditch, and the plant spacing is about 20cm. Allow enough water to settle.
V. Field management
1. Diligently apply thin fertilization water to clear the weeds in the field in time. When the seedling grows to 7-10cm, it should be applied once a 20% concentration of human excrement or biogas water (ie 2 parts of decomposed human excrement to 8 parts of water), and then apply once every 15-20 days. It will be applied once every other week, and the concentration will be the same as the last time. When the seedlings grow to 30-50cm, apply 3% human excrement (ie 3 parts of human excreta to 7 parts of water), and add 0.5% urea to the manure. In case of prolonged drought, it is necessary to put water ditch irrigation, and then apply 50% of human excrement plus 0.5% urea after sucking enough water on the surface. If the seedlings are weak, the leaves of the plants are thin, the thickness and hardness of the stems are not enough, and the organic compound fertilizer can be appropriately applied, and the dosage is 20-25 kg per 667 m2. The weeds in the garden should be cleaned up in time, so that they can be removed early and keep no weeds.
2. Cultivate the soil. Soil cultivation is one of the main measures to soften the pseudostem, and it is generally carried out in 2-3 times. Apply 20-25kg/667m2 of organic compound fertilizer before each soil. The fertilizer should be applied to both sides of the seedling row. When planting (ie, transplanting) or 4-5 months after cutting the head, the pseudo stem grows to 15-20cm, when the seedling height is about 50cm, carry out the first soiling and pour it to 2cm away from the mouth. After about 7 days, the second cultivation was carried out, and the training was carried out with the lotus mouth. If the first and second times of the soil were not cultured, the third soil was cultivated, which was slightly more than 1 cm from the mouth. The mouth is 2 cm from the root. When cultivating the soil, first use the fine bamboo raft to pick up the stalks and fix them, then pour the soil, taking care not to damage the roots, stems and leaves, and wait until the eucalyptus leaves grow well, and cut the eucalyptus leaves 2cm above the mouth, which is called cutting green. Immediately after cutting, apply 5 times of human excrement or biogas water. If there is more rain in the spring, you can use the strong organic compound fertilizer granules instead of manure water or biogas water. The dosage is 1000-1500 kg of human excrement or biogas water per 667 m2, or 100-150 kg of granules.
3. Cover the straw curtain. After cutting the green and topdressing, cover the straw curtain. The straw curtain is made of bamboo tail and straw with a length of about 2m. The straw is placed on both sides first. The grass tail is arranged neatly on the grass tail. The plastic thread is interwoven on the bamboo tail. The grass head is used with two diameters of 1-1.5cm. The fine bamboo rafts are tied tightly. According to the triangular shape of the bottom width of 65 cm and the width of 60-65 cm on both sides, the thickness of the straw is covered on the ridge by the straw curtain to a degree of opacity. The height of the cover should not be low, otherwise it will affect the yield and quality of the yellow. If the temperature is above 30 °C, the sprayer should be sprayed 1-2 times a day to spray the straw curtain without dripping water to reduce the temperature inside the straw curtain and maintain a certain humidity. .
4. Cut the yellow in time. When the yellow leaves grow to a height of 65 cm, the leaves can be harvested when they begin to wilting. The harvest time depends on the season. When the temperature is above 30 °C in summer, it can be harvested 6-7 days after the curtain is closed. When the temperature is 25 °C, it can be harvested 10-13 days after the curtain is closed; the temperature is 18-20 °C. When it is covered, it will be harvested about 20 days after the curtain. It takes about 30 days to harvest in the winter below 12 °C. When harvesting, first uncover the straw curtain and lift the yellow leaf to one side. Use a small steamed bread to gently dig the soil on the other side of the ridge. When digging into the root of the leeks, use the "7" shape knife to evenly apply the horizontal direction. Cut, the height of the stubble is 5-10cm, and the cut yellow stalk is 0.5-0.75kg, soaked in water for 1-2h, then cleaned with water, cut off the éŸ yellow to dry 蔸 1-2 days after the root Applying 6% of human and animal manure (or biogas) to one side, 2000-2500 kg per 667 m2 is preferred, and then it can be transferred to the next round of yellow field management. Generally, it cuts 5 times of yellow in 2 years, and the output is 2500kg/667m2 or more. In order to increase production, improve quality, avoid premature aging, and prolong life, it is better to harvest 2 times a year.
6. Prevention and treatment of diseases, insects and grass diseases
1. The disease of sputum yellow. The diseases of scutellaria are mainly gray mold, blight and verticillium.
(1) Gray mold. Mainly harmful to the leaves. Prevention and treatment methods: The degree of disease varies according to the variety. Therefore, selecting resistant varieties is one of the important measures to prevent and treat the disease. If a small amount of plant is found to be susceptible to disease, it can be sprayed with 50% carbaryl or 50% chlorhexidine 800-1000 times solution, or 50% carbendazim WP 500 times.
(2) Epidemics. It can harm roots, stems and leaves, especially the pseudo-stems are seriously damaged. When the humidity is high, the incidence is heavier. Prevention and treatment methods: Because the disease is heavy under the condition of high humidity, it is necessary to open the drainage ditch when preparing the land, and pay attention to the rotation. Or plant on the ground where no yellow has been planted. If the diseased plant is found to be sprayed with 50% cream copper 600 times solution or 64% anti-virus cockroach 400 times solution, spray once every 10 days, preferably 2-3 times for continuous control.
(3) Verticillium wilt. The main damage to the leaves, when the leaves are susceptible to the leaf tip gradually yellowing, the leaves drooping yellow, severely, the whole plant wilted yellow and died. Control method: The diseased plant is found in time, and it can be sprayed with 50% carbendazim 500 times solution or 70% mancozeb 500 times solution in the early stage of the disease. At the same time, fertilization should be based on farmyard manure and organic manure to enhance the disease resistance of the plants.
2. Prevention and control of pests. The insect pests of the yellow pheasant are mainly the leeks of the leeks. The leeks of the leeks are also known as cockroaches. They are mainly found in the lower part of the ground and are harmful to the young stems. In the spring and autumn, the young stems of the leeks cause rot, causing the leaves to die. Control method: When the larva is found to be harmful, the root is filled with 75% phoxim 500 times solution.
3. Main weeds and prevention. The main weeds in the leek field include alfalfa, crabgrass, wild leek, dandelion, plantain and so on.
Weeding method:
(1) Manual excavation.
(2) Spray the herbicide, use 50% of butachlor EC at the time of sowing, and apply 100-150 mL of water per 667 m2 to the surface.
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